Suchergebnisse

In face with the rapid development of information technology, with the special agricultural policy of our country, this paper advocates an information-based exploration into the construction of new operational models in order to answer the question as to how agricultural popular science periodicals can cope with the ever-changing global market economy. This paper also attempts to investigate the problems we are bound to face. Key words: periodicals, models, new systems Résumé: Face au développement rapide de technologie informatique et en tenant compte de la politique agricole spéciale de la Chine, on propose, dans cet artciel, de rechercher un nouveau modèle de la pubilcation de périodique en vulgarisation scientifique afin de s'adapter à l'économie du marché globailsée qui change d'un moment à l'autre. On fait aussi des démonstrations et des recherches sur les problèmes qu'on y rencontrera. Mots-clés: périodique, modèle, nouveau système 摘要:面對資訊技術的迅速發展,就農業科普期刊在我國特有的農業政策環境下,如何適應瞬息萬變的全球化市場經濟,提出以資訊化手段探索構建經營運作新模式。並就必須直面的問題進行了論證探索。 關鍵詞:期刊;模式;新體系

Purpose
Based on a review of the Chinese ethic of bao (reciprocity), this paper aims to study the issue of reciprocity of trust at firm level by analyzing multiple-source data while controlling for the effects of several contextual variables.


Design/methodology/approach
The authors collected data from the supplier–buyer partnerships in China's automotive industry. Hierarchical linear regression approach is adopted to test the hypotheses.


Findings
The data show that reciprocity of trust between parties involved has a significantly positive effect on the stability of the supplier–buyer partnership, and that this reciprocity also moderates the relationship between trust itself and stability. In addition, several contextual variables, i.e. the suppliers' sensitiveness to their buyer's need, personal contact of top managers, motivation to develop symbiotic partnership and firm location, can also have significant and positive effects on the stability of the supplier–buyer partnership.


Originality/value
This study presents empirical evidence on how the Chinese ethic of bao may influence the stability of the supplier–buyer partnerships, suggesting that examining this Chinese cultural element is a useful exercise. Related to this issue, the data show that the level of trust between the parties in business transactions differs, and that this difference influences the stability of the partnership. In addition, the study suggests that several other factors have significant and positive effects on the stability of the partnership. Interestingly, the data suggest that these effects are more likely to be observed when the reciprocity of trust or bao between the partners is taken into account. By demonstrating empirically the significant direct and moderating effect of bao or reciprocal trust, this study makes an important contribution to the literature on trust and the stability of the supplier–buyer partnership.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the barriers and the process of supports obtained in starting the farm-stay businesses with inbound tourism from the perspective of migrants. In- depth interviews on entrepreneurship of farm-stay businesses among local vitalization cooperators (LVC) were conducted, and the following results were found. First, there are two main types of barriers when starting farm-stay businesses namely barriers caused by new businesses start-up and barriers caused by local life. The barriers caused by local life have three aspects: an inadequate understanding of the ways to interact with local residents, insufficient information on community rules, and insufficient agricultural knowledge. The barriers to receiving foreigners include lack of understanding by neighbors, publicity, service and activities supplied, and matching facilities. Second, supports can also be divided into two categories: supports in local life and those in business start-up. The network and trust relationship established with local residents during the first stage of overcoming local life barriers can help overcome the barriers faced when starting businesses. Meanwhile, supports in business start-up deepen the relationship between migrants and local residents, thus playing a supportive role in life stabilization. Third, by analyzing the LVC cases, we conclude that ordinary migrants need ample time to undergo the process of accommodating to local life, thereby building a network and trust with local regions before starting new businesses. This research provides references on the study of starting new businesses in rural areas from the migrants' views and issues to farm-stay businesses and inbound tourism at the starting phase.

The world's two largest economies are locked in an escalating trade war, and caught in the crossfire are hundreds of Chinese multinational companies (MNCs) that have made substantial U.S. investments. Facing heightened legal risks in a less hospitable environment, the Chinese MNCs increasingly depend on local lawyers. Yet, their purchase of U.S. legal service, a topic of both practical and theoretical importance, has received little attention. To fill the gap, this article empirically investigates how Chinese companies in the United States select their U.S. legal counsel. By analyzing a unique dataset, the article finds that Chinese MNC managers uniformly prioritize candidates' practical experience and ignore their educational credentials. Legal fees matter, but to a much lesser degree than what one might infer from anecdotal evidence.Some Chinese MNC managers also pay close attention to a U.S. lawyer's or law firm's prestige, their Chinese or U.S. government background, and to lawyer recommendations by acquaintances or by the companies' Chinese headquarters. Further empirical analysis of lawyer selection preferences unveils variable connections with the ownership types of Chinese investors. Sectoral regulation, in-house legal capacity, and U.S. investment size also correlate with one or several of the lawyer selection preferences. The findings offer insights useful to U.S. lawyers and policymakers concerned with the opportunities and threats posed by the global expansion of Chinese businesses and contribute to theoretical debates on multiple topics, such as emerging market MNCs and their impacts on the legal profession and the legal service market in the United States and other developed countries.

Based on a large-scale survey of Chinese entrepreneurs, our study explores how institutions (formal and informal) influence investment decisions made by private companies. The study finds that, consistent with the conventional view, a more effective legal system is correlated with short-term general investment, and that the judiciary is important mainly because of its restraint over the state. The role of effective courts, however, diminishes when private entrepreneurs consider making long-term investment. We find a positive association between the entrepreneurs' political backgrounds and their R&D investment, suggesting that Chinese courts, in spite of decades of reform, are not yet viewed as reliable to protect long-term private investment from expropriation, policy instability, and a hostile regulatory environment. Rather, informal political connections constitute the premise for the protection of long-term investment. We also find evidence indicating that political ties are expensive resources to accumulate and maintain, so Chinese entrepreneurs tap into them only when substantial long-term interests are at stake. The findings contribute to the vast literature on law and economic development.

Research in cross-cultural management and cultural diversity has often implicitly viewed national culture as a stable, enduring characteristic that can affect individual and organizational behavior. This article draws attention to the utility of considering national culture as a malleable rather than a fixed construct. Based on this conception of national culture, the authors examine the potential impact of culture and cultural change on business strategy. This examination is based on observations of differential business strategy employed among firms in Singapore compared to firms in Hong Kong and Taiwan. These differences, viewed as a reflection of cultural differences, suggest that significant partial changes in national culture can occur in a relatively short period of time. Although much of the previous literature has emphasized the factors of socioeconomic development and technological advancement as sources of influence on cultural change, this article considers the influence of government policies on national culture and business behaviors.