Suchergebnisse

Analytical egalitarianism and its opposition -- Perceiving race and hierarchy -- Hierarchy and transformation : "chemical political economy" -- Denying human homogeneity : eugenics and the making of postclassical economics -- Statistical prejudice : from eugenics to immigration -- Picking losers for sterilization : eugenics as demographic central planning -- Sympathy and its discontents : "greatest happiness" versus the "general good" -- "Who are the canters?" : the coalition of evangelical-economic egalitarians -- A discipline without sympathy : the happiness of the majority and its demise -- Darwin and the differential capacity for happiness : from cardinal to ordinal utility theory -- Analytical egalitarianism, anecdotal evidence, and information aggregation via proverbial wisdom -- Sympathy and the past : our "stock in dead people" reconsidered -- Postscript : a letter from M. Ali Khan

The relationship between voting & robust estimation was discussed by Francis Galton in 1907. His two papers in Nature are discussed & reprinted. 1 Table, 1 Diagram, 14 References. Adapted from the source document.

In a world where researchers prefer their experiments to have a particular outcome, scientific fraud and research bias are alternative methods to implement such preferences. A critical constraint distinguishes these two methods: biased research is `narrowly replicable' while fraud is non-replicable. Recent proposals to severely punish fraud have typically excluded biased research from their purview. An unintended consequence of such asymmetric sanctions is the substitution of creative uses of technology to bias research outcomes in favor of one's preferences. Importantly, such bias may be substantially more difficult to detect than outright fraud, given current scientific conventions. This article demonstrates, using the simplest of statistical examples, how biased outcomes can derive from seemingly unbiased procedures.

Abram L. Harris was the second Black person to obtain an economics Ph.D. in the United States and a major figure in the early years of the American Civil Rights movement. Upon his death in 1963 his colleague and friend, Frank Knight delivered memorial remarks. The remembrance explains how Knight and Harris met, how Harris came to Chicago, and how the two scholars shared an intellectual commitment to the idea of race as "caste" and an opposition to state paternalism. We consider Knight's odd characterization of Harris' early work as "propaganda" as well as Harris's extensive analysis of paternalism before he went to Chicago.

At its founding, the set of ideas that came to be known as Virginia Political Economy originated from the work of Rutledge Vining, James Buchanan, Warren Nutter, Ronald Coase, and Gordon Tullock. In terms of scholarly stature, that short list comprises two Nobel Prize winners (Buchanan and Coase) and a recipient of the American Economic Association Distinguished Fellow award (Tullock). It also includes an economist (Nutter) who, in the midst of the Cold War, described the Soviet economy more accurately than any of the major experts in that field. Virginia Political Economy was characterized by four foundational principles: the endogeneity of group goals, egalitarianism, reciprocity, and trade. By offering an overarching vision of the principles of the Virginia School, we dis­tinguish between tensions that are difficult to reconcile and gaps that are easily addressed.