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A method is presented which can be used to assess the probability that one life event influences the chances of occurrence of a second event when the two events have overlapping periods of risk. The method takes into account the order of occurrence of the two events, corrects for the fact that persons who experience the first event have fewer years at risk of the second event than do persons without that experience, and allows holding precursors of both events constant, to detect spurious relationships. The method can be used for samples too small to permit using age-specific rates. Its use is illustrated with data from a study which attempts to answer the question "Does marijuana use lead to six outcomes: school dropout, arrest, jail, alcoholism, leaving the parental home early, and marrying early?"

ObjectiveTo examine daily patterns of exercise among older husbands and wives, as well as how conjoint exercise was related to daily marital functioning outcomes.BackgroundHealthy lifestyle practices are becoming more common as people prepare to live healthily into their later years. Exercise may provide unique relationship benefits for individuals and couples.MethodThe sample of 191 older couples was drawn from the broader Life and Family Legacies Study, and the present study included data from across 14 days. Multivariate multilevel models were estimated in SAS using the Proc Mixed procedure to examine associations between exercise and daily positive marital events, daily negative marital events, and satisfaction with daily marital interactions.ResultsIndividual exercise on a given day was associated with more positive marital events and higher daily marital satisfaction; patterns in these results were more consistent for wives than for husbands. Conjoint exercise on a given day was also associated with nearly all marital outcomes for both husbands and wives.ConclusionExercise may provide unique relationship benefits for individuals and couples. Results indicated that relationships benefit from both individual and especially conjoint couple exercise.ImplicationsCouples who exercise conjointly may experience more positive marital interactions.

First published in 1984, this textbook analyses, at both aggregate and micro economic levels, the contemporary industrial conditions in Third World countries and relates this to the process of economic growth and structural transformation.Drawing upon both industrial and development economics, the authors offer a comprehensive and integrated treatment of the different levels of industrial analysis in less developed countries, alongside a wealth of comparative data on industrial structure, business concentration and behaviour, and industrial policies in a cross-section of countries in Africa, A

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Cambridge University Press via the DOI in this record ; Data availability statement: Data replication sets are available at https://dataverse.harvard.ed/atavers/JPolS ; Studies of the American public demonstrate that partisans often diverge not only on questions of opinion but also on matters of fact. However, little is known about partisan divergence in factual beliefs among the government officials who make real policy decisions, or how it compares to belief polarization among the public. This letter describes the first systematic comparison of factual belief polarization between the public and government officials, which we conducted using a paired survey approach. The results indicate that political elites are consistently more accurately informed than the public across a wide range of politically contentious facts. However, this increase in accuracy does not translate into reduced factual belief polarization. These findings demonstrate that a more informed political elite does not necessarily mitigate partisan factual disagreement in policy making. ; European Union Horizon 2020 ; Stanford University, Laboratory for the Study of American Values