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INTRODUCTION: Molecular hydrogen had been considered inactive in vivo but is an antioxidant that selectively reduces highly toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Animal studies have reported that hydrogen gas inhalation helped alleviate cerebral and cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injuries. In humans, hydrogen inhalation therapy is presently approved as a treatment under Advanced Medical Care B in Japan (jRCTs031180352: limited to adult patients who suffered out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and are in a continuous coma) and its effectiveness is being examined in a clinical trial. The Japanese government has introduced the "Advanced Medical Care System" to promote the development of drugs and devices under governmental regulations. Advanced Medical Care B is a system designed for unapproved or off-label drugs or medical technologies used in a clinical trial setting. Hepatectomy is generally performed with repeated hepatic blood-flow occlusion and then reperfusion (ischemia and reperfusion). No report, however, has been made on ROS inhibition by hydrogen inhalation therapy or its effectiveness in post-hepatectomy patients. Hydrogen gas inhalation in the early stages after hepatectomy is anticipated to inhibit liver dysfunction by inhibiting ROS. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This study is a randomized, controlled, double-blind superiority trial, which will be conducted as a "specified clinical trial" in accordance with the Clinical Trials Act in Japan. Trial registration was prospectively completed before the first participant was enrolled. The subjects will be patients who will undergo hepatectomy and will be allocated randomly into group A with hydrogen gas inhalation or group B with air inhalation after hepatectomy. The study will examine if hydrogen gas inhalation improves QOL of post-hepatectomy patients. The primary endpoint is patient QOL (score of a 40-item quality of recovery questionnaire, QoR40) on postoperative day 3 and the secondary endpoints are QoR40s besides that on postoperative day 3, grade of postoperative ...

This paper aims at analyzing exchange rates and trade patterns of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, China, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan in relation to Japan and the United States, with reference to the Asian currency crises in 1997. In order to analyze these issues, we constructed an international input‐output model linked with macroeconometric models of the ten countries/regions. Analyses on the Asian exchange rates with a currency basket peg framework show that the Asian exchange rate policy was the de‐facto dollar peg policy. As for trade patterns in relation to the yen‐dollar rate; when a country/region's industrial structure is similar to that of Japan's and the yen is weak, the appropriate change of the yen's weight proves to hold its competitiveness. By contrast, the weak yen shows a decrease of its imports, regarding complementary structure. In either case, however, effects are limited.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Original Title Page -- Original Copyright Page -- Dedication Page -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- List of Tables -- SeCAP Publications -- SeCAP Directors -- Chapter 1 Nuclear Dilemmas and Asian Security: Problems of Coalition Defense in the Nuclear Era -- Introduction: The Dilemma of Deterring the Soviet Union -- The Soviet Union's Asian Military Buildup: Seeking Security on the Far Eastern Frontier -- Regional Reactions to the Soviet Military Buildup in Asia -- U.S. and Allied Responses to the Growing Soviet Nuclear Threat in Asia -- Part One The Soviet Military Buildup in the Asia-Pacific Region -- Chapter 2 Asia in a Global Context: Strategic Issues for the Soviet Union -- The Soviet Union's Two-Front Security Problem -- Moscow's Far East Military Buildup and the China Challenge -- Trends in Northeast Asian Politico-Military Relations -- Limits and Vulnerabilities to the Soviet Position in Asia -- Chapter 3 The Soviet Far East Military Buildup: Motives and Prospects -- Trends in Soviet Nuclear Deployments -- New Weapon Systems in the Soviet Nuclear Inventory -- The Soviet Conventional Force Buildup in Asia -- Soviet Objectives in Indochina and Afghanistan -- Some General Conclusions -- Chapter 4 Thinking About the Nuclear Balance in Asia -- Assessing the Soviet Military Buildup in the Asia-Pacific Region -- Trends in Soviet Far East Nuclear Forces (SS-20s and Backfires) -- Thinking About the Nuclear Balance in Asia -- The Impact of the Soviet Nuclear Buildup on U.S. and Allied Security Interests -- Dealing with the Soviet Nuclear Buildup in Asia: Offshore Nuclear Forces and Improved Conventional Defenses -- Appendix: Nuclear Force Posture Characteristics -- Part Two Regional Perspectives on the Soviet Nuclear Threat.

Generating Images of Stratification is a self-contained presentation of a theoretical research program that deals with a significant explanatory problem relating to social inequality and that constructs generative theoretical models in doing so. In more detail: -Self-contained presentation - In respect to the background sociological facts and theoretical ideas and also the formal methods the book provides clear and simple accounts accompanied by examples. - A theoretical research program - The emphasis is on theory development, involving a series of theoretical models constructed within a core framework of principles and methods. - Deals with a significant explanatory problem relating to social inequality - We know from research that how people perceive the stratification system of a society depends upon their position in that system. So the problem is: What process generates this regularity and thereby explains empirical generalizations about the social structuration of images? - Constructs generative theoretical models - The book is an extended presentation of "generative theory" in sociology, a formal method of producing effective theoretical explanations. Generating Images of Stratification is of interest to mathematical sociologists and formal theorists in sociology; sociologists interested in social stratification; methodologists, both in sociology and in other fields; philosophers of social science; and theoretical scientists and mathematicians who are interested in applying their analytical tools to social science topics

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Concept of Servitization in Manufacturing -- 1.2 Processes of Servitization in Manufacturing -- 1.3 Servitization for Manufacturing Industries in Asia-Pacific -- 1.4 Case Study Approaches and Key Findings -- References -- Part I Servitization Model 1-Product + Information Service -- 2 Foton Lovol International Heavy Industry Co., Ltd.-Service for Information Demand -- 2.1 Introduction of Equipment Manufacturing Industry -- 2.2 Introduction of Foton Lovol -- 2.2.1 Construction Machinery -- 2.2.2 Agricultural Equipment -- 2.2.3 Financial Product -- 2.3 Trigger of Servitization and Change Steps -- 2.3.1 Trigger of Servitization -- 2.3.1.1 External Trigger of Servitization -- 2.3.1.2 Internal Trigger for Servitization -- 2.3.2 Change Steps -- 2.4 Business Model Analysis -- 2.4.1 Informatized Platform-Root of Lovol Model -- 2.4.1.1 R&D Platform -- 2.4.1.2 Supply Chain Platform -- 2.4.1.3 Marketing and After Sales Platform -- 2.4.1.4 Operation and Maintenance Platform -- 2.4.1.5 Economic Benefit Analysis -- 2.4.2 Information Center-Backbone of Lovol Model -- 2.4.2.1 Introduction of Information Center -- 2.4.2.2 Cross Regional Harvesting Information Service -- 2.4.2.3 Economic Benefit Analysis -- 2.4.3 Service Model Innovation-Expansion of Lovol Model -- 2.4.3.1 Accurate Service Model -- 2.4.3.2 Proactive Service Model -- 2.4.3.3 'Cloud Service' Model -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Shaanxi Blower (Group) Co., Ltd.-Value Added Services of Information and Operation -- 3.1 Case Background -- 3.2 Company Profile -- 3.2.1 The Development History of Shaangu Group -- 3.2.2 The Factory and the Product Composition -- 3.2.3 The Results of Servitization Transformation -- 3.3 The Driving Factors Behind Shaangu's Servitization Transformation -- 3.4 Features of Shaangu's Products.