Suchergebnisse

Figure du mouvement national arabe à Saïda à partir des années 1930, Maarouf Saad (1910-1975) fonde en 1973 l'Organisation populaire nassérienne (OPN), un parti nationaliste arabe à vocation socialiste. Au fil des décennies, l'OPN connaît des transformations qui coïncident avec les mutations politiques régionales et globales, tout en entretenant une continuité à la fois avec le type de socialisation politique de ses dirigeants, mais également avec son univers de référence arabiste qui fait son identité politique. L'article propose d'interroger les usages divers et les significations plurielles de l'arabisme sur près d'un siècle, à travers l'étude de l'OPN, en particulier des trajectoires de ses dirigeants, des ressources du parti et de sa culture politique, en articulation avec les différentes conjonctures politiques.

Solar energy occupies an important place among the various sources of renewable energy. A precise knowledge of the distribution of solar irradiation in a specified location is needed before any solar irradiation system installation. This paper introduces a nonlinear clustering, adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model to estimate the hourly solar irradiation data using meteorological inputs and clustering algorithms: grid partitioning, subtractive clustering, and fuzzy c-means. Comparing these clustering algorithms is investigated to classify the inputs into clusters, which helps the solar irradiation estimation model build better. This method's advantage is understanding and simplifying the nonlinearity presented in the input's datasets. Moreover, the FCM algorithm gives the best results from comparing the testing data; the RMSE is 43.2274 W/m2, and MSE equals 2001.34 W/m2 with an R2 equal to 0.9893.

This article examines the application of ideas around the 'de-territorialisation' of cities in the global South to new desert cities surrounding Cairo, Egypt. It also responds to the call for 'engaged theory-making' by working with a local community development organisation on a case study of Sixth of October City (SOC), a new city in Cairo's desert hinterland. Drawing on interview data, the article argues that a certain form of Western-inspired suburbanism has come to characterise Egyptian cities, stemming from the need to recirculate capital outside the existing cities. I propose three ways in which these desert suburbs are being de-territorialised. First, I argue that governance in the new cities is more focused on territorial transformation than on management of populations, and that this has resulted in what I describe as planned informality. Second, I show that housing in the new cities has become so financialised that even social (purportedly subsidised) housing has been integrated into circuits of capital. Finally, I demonstrate that there is a persistent form of inequality in basic services and infrastructure, and that the way the state governs the system of service provision has made it impossible for residents to develop alternative modes of access, resulting in an end to people's ability to act as infrastructure.

Tabriz, Iran possesses abundant renewable energy sources like wind and solar energy. Residential complexes in Tabriz consume significant amounts of electrical energy. Most of this electricity is generated by non-renewable energy resources, which results in significant air pollution. This research provides a techno-economic evaluation of hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (RES) for three residential complexes located in Tabriz. Each complex contains three optimum cases (overall nine cases). Proposed hybrid systems require the lowest NPC and COE. First, generators are removed from RES for all nine cases (100 percent RES). The structure of these cases were PV, Wind-PV, and wind with converter and battery. Secondly, due to the affordable price of diesel in this region, diesel generation is added to RES of all cases to explore more feasible and affordable optimized hybrid systems. The structure of these cases were Wind-Diesel-PV, Wind-PV, and Wind-Diesel, and Diesel-PV with converter and battery. Technical and economic assessment of optimized systems is performed by means of HOMER software. The main purpose of optimized systems is to meet the load demand. The electricity load of the study area has been obtained by means of electricity bills. Average load demand and peak load of complex one, two, and three were 7972, 3991, and 2960 kWh/d and 1122, 562, and 417 kW respectively. The goal of the current research is to explore the possible usage of the optimized hybrid RES by means of economic and technical parameters. In the optimized configurations with 100% Renewable Energy System, it was interpreted that PV with Wind is fully practicable. In addition, the COE for Battery-Wind-Diesel-PV HES arrangement is minimum for entire complexes. The optimized systems with 100% RESs remarkably reduces harmful emissions.

Si la colonisation, l'occupation et l'apartheid définissent les conditions d'existence de la Palestine, cette dernière est aussi soumise à des enjeux sociaux et politiques internes peu connus du grand public. Cet article envisage d'en explorer un certain nombre en se focalisant sur les enjeux politiques du délitement de la cause palestinienne ainsi que sur l'avenir à court terme et à plus long terme ; le pessimisme étant malheureusement le trait d'union de ces périodes.

Si la colonisation, l'occupation et l'apartheid définissent les conditions d'existence de la Palestine, cette dernière est aussi soumise à des enjeux sociaux et politiques internes peu connus du grand public. Cet article envisage d'en explorer un certain nombre en se focalisant sur les enjeux politiques du délitement de la cause palestinienne ainsi que sur l'avenir à court terme et à plus long terme ; le pessimisme étant malheureusement le trait d'union de ces périodes.

Relevance is a key concept in the study of political parties. This article argues that the conceptions of relevance used in the study of political oppositions in authoritarian settings need to be clarified and reformulated. More specifically, and in light of current knowledge on electoral authoritarianism, the notion of relevance must go beyond the electoralist conceptions traditionally used when studying democratic contexts. Drawing on the case of Morocco, the article highlights the obscuring effect that such conceptions can have. It then provides an alternative framework, adjusting the concept of relevance to the specificities of the context and the evolving nature of the actors operating within it. The case of al-Nahj al-Dīmoqratī, a Moroccan radical-leftist opposition party, is used to illustrate the analytical power of the framework.