Suchergebnisse

International audience ; As commonly agreed, the vulnerability of a country is here considered as the risk it will be hurt by exogenous shocks. The vulnerability of countries has been recognised since the beginning of development economics as one of the main problems they face, due to shocks, either of external or natural origin. For decades, there has been a rich literature on the economic, social and political consequences of unstable export earnings. More recently, there has been a growing concern about other kinds of vulnerability, linked to shocks such as outbreaks of violence and other expressions of political fragility, epidemics, natural disasters and, above all, climate change: the vulnerability that climate change brings to developing countries in varying degrees constitutes a global challenge. ; Selon l'acception courante, retenue ici, la vulnérabilité d'un pays est le risque pour lui d'être affecté par des chocs exogènes. La vulnérabilité des pays est reconnue depuis le début de l'économie du développement comme un des principaux problèmes auxquels ils ont à faire face, en raison de chocs, d'origine soit externe soit naturelle. Pendant des décennies, une abondante littérature a pu ainsi traiter des conséquences économiques, sociales et politiques de l'instabilité des recettes d'exportations. Plus récemment, unepréoccupation croissante est apparue à propos d'autres sortes de vulnérabilité, liées à des chocs tels que les flambées de violence et d'autres expressions de la fragilité politique, les épidémies, les désastres naturels et surtout le changement climatique : la vulnérabilité que celui-ci entraîne à des degrés divers dans les pays en développement constitue un défi à l'échelle mondiale.

International audience ; As commonly agreed, the vulnerability of a country is here considered as the risk it will be hurt by exogenous shocks. The vulnerability of countries has been recognised since the beginning of development economics as one of the main problems they face, due to shocks, either of external or natural origin. For decades, there has been a rich literature on the economic, social and political consequences of unstable export earnings. More recently, there has been a growing concern about other kinds of vulnerability, linked to shocks such as outbreaks of violence and other expressions of political fragility, epidemics, natural disasters and, above all, climate change: the vulnerability that climate change brings to developing countries in varying degrees constitutes a global challenge. ; Selon l'acception courante, retenue ici, la vulnérabilité d'un pays est le risque pour lui d'être affecté par des chocs exogènes. La vulnérabilité des pays est reconnue depuis le début de l'économie du développement comme un des principaux problèmes auxquels ils ont à faire face, en raison de chocs, d'origine soit externe soit naturelle. Pendant des décennies, une abondante littérature a pu ainsi traiter des conséquences économiques, sociales et politiques de l'instabilité des recettes d'exportations. Plus récemment, une préoccupation croissante est apparue à propos d'autres sortes de vulnérabilité, liées à des chocs tels que les flambées de violence et d'autres expressions de la fragilité politique, les épidémies, les désastres naturels et surtout le changement climatique : la vulnérabilité que celui-ci entraîne à des degrés divers dans les pays en développement constitue un défi à l'échelle mondiale.

Two visions of aid effectiveness & allocation are compared. The first, corresponding to the new aid paradigm, argues that aid is only effective if domestic policies are appropriate. The second, in contrast, argues that aid effectiveness depends on the external & climatic environment: the worse this environment, or the more vulnerable the recipient countries, the greater the effectiveness of aid. Cross-sectional econometric tests related to GDP growth on two 12-year pooled periods clearly favor the second view. The two views can be reconciled through the principle of performance-based aid allocation, where performance is defined as outcomes adjusted for the impact of environmental factors. Performance can then be measured in several manners which are subject to comparison. One approach would lead one to allocate more aid the worse the (external) environment is (for a given policy) & the better the policy is (for a given environment). 5 Tables, 43 References. Adapted from the source document.

Es werden verschiedene Hypothesen über den Einfluß von Niveau und Stabilität der Erzeugerpreise sowie Verfügbarkeit bzw. Knappheit an Konsumgütern auf die Produktion von Agrarexportgütern in Entwicklungsländern aufgestellt und am Fall des Kaffeeangebots in Madagaskar für den Zeitraum 1965-1984 überprüft. In einem Land wie Madagaskar sollte bei einem liberalisierten wirtschaftlichen Umfeld und unter makroökonomischen Bedingungen, die Konsumgüterknappheit entgegenwirken, eine Preispolitik betrieben werden, die eine relative Stabilität der realen Erzeugerpreise sichert. (DÜI-Hns)

AbstractThis article examines several hypotheses related to influences on the supply of agricultural export products in developing countries. First, it considers the hypothesis that a scarcity of consumer incentive goods so reduces the elasticity of supply to real prices that it becomes negative. Next, it analyses various effects of real price instability on supply, effects that vary according to the availability of consumer goods. Finally, it considers the indirect influence of stabilization schemes on supply, through their effect on the average level of producer prices. The various hypotheses are then tested for the case of coffee supply in Madagascar during the period 1965‐84.

AS 1992 APPROACHES, THE POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC AUTHORITIES OF THE FRANC ZONE STATES ARE BECOMING INCREASINGLY CONCERNED ABOUT THE IMPLICATIONS OF EUROPEAN ECONOMIC INTEGRATION. IN PARTICULAR, THE LIKELIHOOD OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A EUROPEAN MONETARY UNION HAS SPARKED A WAVE OF CONCERN. BUT THE ESTABLISHMENT OF EMU WOULD NOT REQUIRE THE RULES OF THE FRANC ZONE TO BE MODIFIED, EVEN IF IT WOULD IN SOME RESPECTS CHANGE ITS ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS. THE EMU WOULD MAKE POSSIBLE, AND DESIRABLE, MONETARY COOPERATION BETWEEN THE AFRICAN SIGNATORIES OF THE LOME CONVENTION AND THE EC AS A WHOLE, WHICH WOULD REINFORCE THE FRANCO-AFRICAN MONETARY COOPERATION NOW IN EXISTENCE.

Also discusses the Caribbean and Pacific states.