Suchergebnisse

This volume is a collection of intellectual biographies of economists, which the author has written over the last 16 years. There are four categories: accounts of Cambridge greats - Joan Robinson, Piero Sraffa, Nicholas Kaldor, Richard Kahn; oral histories of Lorie Tarshis, George Shackle, Kenneth Boulding and Richard Goodwin; memoirs of close friends of the author who have died; and shorter essays which include John Hicks, James Meade, Brian Reddaway, Arthur Smithies, Heinz Arndt and J.M.Keynes.

This 1992 book examines alternative methods for achieving optimality without all the apparatus of economic planning (such as information retrieval, computation of solutions, and separate implementation systems), or a vain reliance on sufficiently 'perfect' competition. All rely entirely on the self-interest of economic agents and voluntary contract. The author considers methods involving feedback iterative controls which require the prior selection of a 'criterion function', but no prior calculation of optimal quantities. The target is adjusted as the results for each step become data for the criterion function. Implementation is built in by the incentive structure, and all controls rely on consistency with the self-interest of individuals. The applicability of all the methods is shown to be independent of the form of ownership of enterprises: examples are given for industries which are wholly privately owned, wholly nationalized, mixed and labour-managed

Introduction -- The Return to Gold and After Public Works as an Employment Policy -- Towards a Managed Economy? -- How to Pay for the War -- The 1944 White Paper on Employment Policy -- A 'Keynesian Revolution? -- Appendix: Dramatis Personae -- Notes -- Select Bibliography -- Index.

Nomenclature of Amino Acids -- The Protein Amino Acids -- Beta and Higher Homologous Amino Acids -- The Non-Protein Amino Acids -- Metabolic and Pharmacological Studies -- The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids in Plants -- Enzyme Inhibition by Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- Synthesis of Amino Acids -- Protected Amino Acids in Peptide Synthesis -- Resolution of Amino Acids -- Reactions of Amino Acids -- Degradation of Amino Acids Accompanying in vitro Protein Hydrolysis -- Racemization of Amino Acids -- Ion-Exchange Separation of Amino Acids -- Liquid Chromatography of Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Separation of Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- Mass Spectrometry of Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- The Optical Rotatory Dispersion and Circular Dichroism of Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- Colorimetric and Fluorimetric Detection of Amino Acids -- Physical Properties of Amino Acid Solutions -- X-Ray Crystal Structures of Amino Acids and Selected Derivatives.