Suchergebnisse

Eine zunehmende Spreizung der Arbeitseinkommen wird derzeit als ein zentraler wirtschaftspolitischer Beitrag zur Überwindung der Beschäftigungsprobleme gesehen. Ausgangspunkt der Untersuchung dieser Zusammenhänge ist eine Analyse der Tarifverhandlungen in Ost- und Westdeutschland. In diesem Kontext werden Entwicklung und sektorale Differenzierung der Tariflöhne und die Bedeutung der übertariflichen Entlohnung für den Effektivlohn dargestellt, wobei nach gesetzlichen, tarifvertraglichen bzw. betrieblichen Einflußfaktoren differenziert wird. Neben der Relevanz von Lohnniveau und Lohnstruktur rüc.

AbstractIn Eastern Germany, wage differentiation between firms has clearly grown, parallel to individual wage differentials. Nevertheless, the wage spread between firms is still much less than in Western Germany. In this paper, a non‐parametric decomposition is used to analyze the difference between the wages spread in the two parts of Germany. Only part of the difference can be explained by different economic structures in Eastern Germany. By far, the greater part of the difference in the wage spread between firms in the two parts of the country is due to the fact that differences in wages paid by firms of the same type in Eastern Germany are much less than those of their counterparts in Western Germany. A striking result of the analysis is that the gap in the wage variance between Eastern and Western Germany is increasing.

"Bei den Tariflöhnen gibt es in vielen Branchen kaum noch Unterschiede zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland. Betrachtet man aber die tatsächlich gezahlten Löhne und Gehälter, so liegen diese in Ostdeutschland um fast 20 % unter dem Niveau in Westdeutschland. Wichtige Ursachen dafür sind die geringere Tarifbindung in Ostdeutschland und die stärkere Bedeutung übertariflicher Entlohnung in Westdeutschland. Darüber hinaus spielen seit Mitte der 90er Jahre wirtschaftsstrukturelle Verschiebungen eine immer größere Rolle. In Ostdeutschland ist das relative Gewicht gering entlohnender branchen- und größenspezifischer Betriebstypen spürbar gestiegen. Die Spaltung in eine Hochlohnregion Westdeutschland und eine Niedriglohnregion Ostdeutschland hat zugenommen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

"Bei den Tariflöhnen gibt es in vielen Branchen kaum noch Unterschiede zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland. Betrachtet man aber die tatsächlich gezahlten Löhne und Gehälter, so liegen diese in Ostdeutschland um fast 20 Prozent unter dem Niveau in Westdeutschland. Wichtige Ursachen dafür sind die geringere Tarifbindung in Ostdeutschland und die stärkere Bedeutung übertariflicher Entlohnung in Westdeutschland. Darüber hinaus spielen seit Mitte der 90er Jahre wirtschaftsstrukturelle Verschiebungen eine immer größere Rolle. In Ostdeutschland ist das relative Gewicht gering entlohnender branchenund größenspezifischer Betriebstypen spürbar gestiegen. Die Spaltung in eine Hochlohnregion Westdeutschland und eine Niedriglohnregion Ostdeutschland hat zugenommen." (Autorenreferat)

After 20 years of transition from an economy integrated in an exchange scheme of planned economies towards an open market economy based on the ideas of competition, we ask whether East German firms succeeded in finding their place in the international division of labour. We concentrate on the question, to what extent they have caught up with the productivity level of their Western counterparts of similar size and sector and how this productivity difference is related to changes in their product policy. We analyse these questions with a unique data set provided by Statistics Germany that contains both product policy and productivity information for individual manufacturers from both parts of the country. Using a decomposition approach suggested by Nopo (2008) as a nonparametric extension of the widely-used Oaxaca-Blinder methodology (Blinder 1973; Oaxaca 1973) we find that the time span from 1995 - 2004 has two component periods: a period of adaptation from 1995 to 2001and a period of branding from 2002 to 2004. The initial period is characterized by a smaller share of Eastern firms that modify their product range and by a large productivity gap of Eastern Non-Modifiers if compared to Western Non-Modifiers of comparable size and sector. The evidence for the second period, however, points to a more active and established role of East German manufacturers: more of them alter their product range and step up their productivity performance.

After 20 years of transition from an economy integrated in an exchange scheme of planned economies towards an open market economy based on the ideas of competition, we ask whether East German firms succeeded in finding their place in the international division of labour. We concentrate on the question, to what extent they have caught up with the productivity level of their Western counterparts of similar size and sector and how this productivity difference is related to changes in their product policy. We analyse these questions with a unique data set provided by Statistics Germany that contains both product policy and productivity information for individual manufacturers from both parts of the country. Using a decomposition approach suggested by Nopo (2008) as a nonparametric extension of the widely-used Oaxaca-Blinder methodology (Blinder 1973; Oaxaca 1973) we find that the time span from 1995-2004 has two component periods: a period of adaptation from 1995 to 2001and a period of branding from 2002 to 2004. The initial period is characterized by a smaller share of Eastern firms that modify their product range and by a large productivity gap of Eastern non-modifiers if compared to Western non-modifiers of comparable size and sector. The evidence for the second period, however, points to a more active and established role of East German manufacturers: more of them alter their product range and step up their productivity performance.

[Introduction] Germany currently finds itself in a difficult economic situation, one characterised not only by a long period of weak economic growth, but also by developments that, if the necessary adjustment processes are not accomplished, pose a threat to Germany's medium-term growth prospects. In the international context the central challenges result from the following trends: * Changes in the framework of conditions for international trade (WTO agreements), which offer new opportunities for the export sector, but can also be expected to intensify competition and thus the pressure for adjustment; * the transition in eastern Europe, the opening up of China and developments in Latin America, all of which, on the one hand, offer new sales markets for German companies, but on the other create new competitive relations and alternative locations for production and investment; * the trend towards globalisation, which is gradually dissolving traditional ties to production locations.