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Explores the paradigmatic shift in how we view land resources and the potential for development in amenity-rich rural regions. Aimed at those concerned with economic development and natural resource preservation, this book concludes that public policy needs to focus on maximizing complementary uses while minimizing antagonistic uses of amenities

ABSTRACT  Contemporary resource management practice and rural development planning increasingly emphasize the integration of resource extractive industries with non‐market‐based recreational and amenity values. There is a growing empirical literature which suggests that natural amenities impact regional economies through aggregate measures of economic performance such as population, income, and/or employment growth, and housing development. We maintain that assessing the developmental aspects of amenity‐led regional change requires a more thorough focus on alternative measures of economic performance such as income distribution and spatial organization. In the applied research presented here we investigate relationships between amenities and regional economic development indicators. Results suggest mixed and generally insignificant amenity‐based associations which highlight the need for appropriate regional economic modeling techniques that account for often dramatic spatial autocorrelation of natural amenity attributes. We conclude that with respect to amenity driven economic growth and development "place in space" matters.

IN A RECENT PAPER, SANTERRE (1986) SET OUT TO INVESTIGATE THE OVERALL RELATIVE PERFORMANCE BETWEEN REPRESENTATIVE AND DIRECT FORMS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT BY STUDYING HOW THE ALTERNATIVE FORMS OF MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE CAPITALIZE ON THE AVERAGE PER ACRE PRICE OF LAND WITHIN A TIEBOUT WORLD. HIS HYPOTHESIS IS THAT VOTERS PREFER TO LOCATE IN A DIRECT DEMOCRACY, OPPOSED TO A REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY BECAUSE OF MORE VOTER CONTROL. OPERATING ON THESE PREFERENCES. VOTERS DRIVE PROPERTY VALUES HIGHER WITHIN THE JURISDICTION GOVERNED BY DIRECT DEMOCRACY. HOWEVER, CLOSER EXAMINATION OF HIS UNDERLYING THEORY CASTS SERIOUS DOUBT ON BOTH HIS MODEL AND EMPIRICAL CONCLUSIONS. THIS NOTE WILL ATTEMPT TO DEMONSTRATE THAT SANTERRE HAS MERGED TWO THEORETICAL MODELS THAT ARE INHERENTLY NOT COMPATIBLE.

"Understanding Municipal Fiscal Health provides an in-depth assessment of the fiscal health of cities throughout the USA. The book examines the tools currently available to cities for designing a revenue structure, measuring fiscal conditions and measuring fiscal health. It explains how artificial policies such as tax and expenditure limitations influence fiscal policies, and how communities can overcome socioeconomic and state-policy barriers to produce strong fiscal conditions. The authors go beyond simple theory to analyze patterns of fiscal health using actual financial, demographic and TEL data from an accurate data source, the Government Financial Officers Association survey. The book offers a solid basis of empirical evidence including quantitative case studies - complete with discussion questions - to help practitioners better understand the environment in which they are functioning and the policy tools they need to help advocate for change. This book teaches the reader the science and art of municipal financial analysis, and will be invaluable for local and state officials, analysts, and students and researchers"--

"Understanding Municipal Fiscal Health provides an in-depth assessment of the fiscal health of cities throughout the USA. The book examines the tools currently available to cities for designing a revenue structure, measuring fiscal conditions and measuring fiscal health. It explains how artificial policies such as tax and expenditure limitations influence fiscal policies, and how communities can overcome socioeconomic and state-policy barriers to produce strong fiscal conditions. The authors go beyond simple theory to analyze patterns of fiscal health using actual financial, demographic and TEL data from an accurate data source, the Government Financial Officers Association survey. The book offers a solid basis of empirical evidence including quantitative case studies - complete with discussion questions - to help practitioners better understand the environment in which they are functioning and the policy tools they need to help advocate for change. This book teaches the reader the science and art of municipal financial analysis, and will be invaluable for local and state officials, analysts, and students and researchers"--

To help policy makers manage expenditures during periods of economic downturns, most states have formal budget stabilization funds and unreserved fund balances. Using indices of tax and expenditure limitations laws restrictiveness, we examine the relationship between tax and expenditure limitations and state reserves for years 1992–2010 to help determine the extent to which tax and expenditure limitations constrain or in other ways affect how states manage fiscal reserves. This time period is particularly relevant because it includes two recessions and most states had budget stabilization funds and tax and expenditure limitations. Findings suggest that state-constructed tax and expenditure limitations have little effect on state capacity to react to fiscal shocks.

The research focuses on the impact of the restrictiveness of tax and expenditure limitations (TELs) on the credit ratings of 566 U.S. municipalities over the 2007-2010 time period. The credit ratings used are by Moody's rating agency, and municipal fiscal data are drawn from the Government Financial Officers Association's (GFOA) Certificate of Achievement for Excellence in Financial Reporting program. Results suggest that more restrictive TELs imposed on municipalities by the states have a weak negative impact on credit ratings which will likely force municipalities to face higher interest costs.

Tax and expenditure limitations (TELs) imposed on state and local governments is a popular policy approach to limit the growth in government. At the same time these limits may hinder the ability of state and local governments to provide services and make investments in public infrastructure. We test the relationship between state-level TEL restrictiveness and the United State's network of highway bridges. We generally find that more restrictive TELs have a weak negative impact on the percentage of bridges deemed structurally deficient but a positive impact on the percentage of bridges deemed functionally obsolete. The states with the most restrictive TELs, those that restrict both revenues and expenditures, tend to have a smaller share of their bridges that are either structurally deficient of functionally obsolete.

"September 1996." ; "This report was prepared under a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) and Western Illinois University and the University of Wisconsin." ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"This report was prepared under a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) and Western Illinois University and the University of Wisconsin." ; "September 1996." ; Mode of access: Internet.