Suchergebnisse

Établi en 813-814, l'inventaire des paysans qui travaillaient pour l'abbaye Saint-Victor de Marseille donne des informations sur la dynamique démographique en Provence (France méridionale) durant le haut Moyen Âge. La structure de la population par âge est reconstruite et permet de constater qu'elle est similaire à ce que reflètent d'autres registres médiévaux européens. Avec des résultats très proches des données sur les cimetières provençaux du premier millénaire et des tables de mortalité classiques estimées dans le cadre de précédentes études, qui montraient une mortalité importante dans le Sud de l'Europe, on en déduit non seulement cet inventaire des tendances de mortalité, mais aussi des modèles de nuptialité et de natalité. Ces résultats paraissent indiquer que la Provence du haut Moyen Âge se caractérisait par une pression démographique plus forte que celle observée en France ou en Europe occidentale après la grande peste. Enfin, sont analysés les modes d'habitat et d'exploitation propres à la paysannerie locale, en plaine comme en montagne, pour clarifier les relations entre habitat, environnement et production.

AbstractDuring the different phases of the COVID‐19 pandemic, conception trends in developed countries varied in profoundly different ways. Scholars have proposed a variety of explanations for these differences, often related to the particular socioeconomic context and social groups of a given nation, highlighting the need for country‐specific, in‐depth analyses. Italy was one of the countries where the number of conceptions resulting in a birth significantly decreased during the first wave of COVID‐19 (March‐May 2020) and again during April‐August 2021. Italy also stands out for its great internal diversity, especially in the first wave of the pandemic. As individual data are not available, fully analysing all the possible causes of the variations in conceptions that occurred in Italy during the pandemic is not possible. However, using national monthly series on deaths, births, and induced abortions by age of mother, contraceptives' sales, and monthly data on births and deaths in the 107 provinces, we explore some Italian peculiarities. We speculate about the plausibility of some interpretations of the monthly fluctuations in conceptions and contraceptive sales, in particular on the effect of the forced separation between noncohabiting partners during the different types of lockdown and on the uncertainty that may have affected couples in the areas hardest hit by Covid‐19 and during the first part of 2021.

Despite the laborious process of gathering the data and some limitations due to selective incompleteness, catasti and estimi (fiscal cadastres) provide precious information on demographic differences within Italy during the Late Middle Ages and early Modern Age. The authors compare three areas: the countryside surrounding Lucca in 1411 (Tuscany, 5,792 individuals) and Varese in 1530 (Lombardy, 2,703), and the "quasi-city" of Legnago in 1430 (Veneto, 2,101), reconsidering also the Florentine catasto of 1427. Family-type distribution, age at marriage, and residence after marriage are noticeably different, showing that the territorial diversity in family of nineteenth-century Italy was already present four centuries earlier.