Suchergebnisse

Major efforts, 1916-84, including the establishment of the Synthetic Fuels Corporation in 1980.

National projects in civilian technology initiated and implemented by the federal government generally cost in excess o f $1 billion and often extend beyond the political lifetime of a particular presidential administration. The authors explore the consequences of the U.S. political and administrative system on government‐sponsored technology development by examining four such national projects: the SST, civilian nuclear power, synfuels, and the supercomputer. They relate the absence of planning and often tortuous course that characterizes these cases to the functioning–for better or worse–of American pluralistic politics.

AbstractThe theory and practice of academic entrepreneurship, like many domains of public management, requires active recognition that context affects individual behavior. In this Viewpoint essay, the authors contend that the operational logic of a university affects the values and activities of actors within that university in ways that shape the broader entrepreneurial activities of the university. The authors describe a new entrepreneurial organizational logic, termed the "academic enterprise," and situate it in relation to the more established academy, bureaucratic, and market logics. The academic enterprise is inherently entrepreneurial in terms of the management of the university and its reliance on faculty and student entrepreneurship as a tool for broad‐scale social and economic transformation.

The Cooperative Extension Service (CES), although widely cited as an exemplary technology transfer system for its documented contributions to increased agricultural productivity, is confronting a number of challenges. Recent presidential budgets propose a narrowing of federal responsibilities for the CES to programs related to the transfer of agricultural technology. At the same time, the relevance of CES's traditional organizational structure to the technical needs of contemporary agriculture has been questioned. CES's ability simultaneously to correct what it perceives to be the Office of Management & Budget's (OMB) narrow view of its mission, as well as to improve its performance as a technology transfer system, is constrained by several things, including: its need to provide the diverse set of services demanded by the broad constituency that comprises its political base of support; & the gradual change in its own internal norms toward an educational/information dissemination orientation away from an emphasis on adaptive research & technical problem solving. 1 Figure. HA