Suchergebnisse

Based on address. Contents: Technology policy and industrial policy in Japan--changing strategies with development; Japan's new economic direction, and implications for technology and technology transfer; Technological developments and future Australia-Japan relations; The Pacific Basin and LDCs.

Economic aspects of schemes for employing the handicapped such as employment subsidies, quotas and designated employment are discussed in the first section. Given the existence of minimum wages and fixed conditions of employment, sheltered workshops and designated employment are seen as feasible and relatively efficient means for employing the handicapped. But, as illustrated from a survey of sheltered workshops in Newcastle, the costs of sheltered workshops could be lowered by increasing the number of handicapped persons working in existing workshops, by more cooperation and planning between workshops and by the sharing of some projects and the joint use of administrative personnel. Other economic problems of sheltered workshops and their implications for public policy are also considered.

SUMMARYThis article places special, but not exclusive emphasis upon those obstacles to the Pareto optimality of group behavior which arise from the imperfection of man's knowledge. Bounds upon Pareto optimal behavior are first discussed for three limiting 'societies'—(i) a society in which all members are independent, (ii) one in which only one‐way dependencies can arise and (iii) one in which all members are completely interdependent. These cases give insights into non‐limiting ones. Next, account is taken of the fact that few groups exist in isolation and some formal conditions, which make it impossible for a group to ensure itself of Pareto optimality, are stated. It is speculated that these conditions often arise. Further, it is shown that Pareto optimality of group behavior is, among other things, limited by factors such as individuals' imperfect knowledge of their own preferences, barriers to discovering the preferences of others, limitations imposed by the good faith of parties to agreement, the intrusion of emotional factors, e.g., in bargaining, false notions by individuals of their own predictive powers and the willingness of others to make concessions, and by other uncertainties about possible acts and the relationship between acts and outcomes.

Cover page -- Halftitle page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- CONTENTS -- TABLES -- FIGURES -- PREFACE -- Chapter One TECHNOLOGY: A FACTOR IN DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE -- INTRODUCTION -- THE CONTRIBUTIONS -- CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS -- NOTE -- REFERENCES -- Chapter Two POPULATION GROWTH, TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT - THE INDIAN CASE, WITH A CRITIQUE OF MARXIST INTERPRETATION -- INTRODUCTION -- INDIA - ITS DEVELOPMENT IN A HISTORICAL CONTEXT -- MARX, PRODUCTION AND SOCIETY -- POPULATION GROWTH AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE FROM EXTENSIVE GROWTH TO INTENSIVE GROWTH PHASE -- MARX, MARXIST ECONOMISTS AND UNDERDEVELOPMENT OF INDIA -- CONCLUSION -- NOTE -- REFERENCES -- Chapter Three NEW AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY AND SUSTAINABLE FOOD PRODUCTION: BANGLADESH'S ACHIEVEMENTS, PREDICAMENT AND PROSPECTS -- INTRODUCTION -- GROWTH AND CHANGE IN THE BANGLADESH ECONOMY: BACKGROUND -- TRENDS IN FOODGRAIN PRODUCTION AND IMPORT -- EXPANDING FOODGRAIN PRODUCTION IN RESPONSE TO POPULATION PRESSURE -- MODERN AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS -- DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY AND IMPORTED INPUTS -- CONCLUDING COMMENTS -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter Four TECHNOLOGY AND ITS TRANSFER TO LESS DEVELOPED ECONOMIES -- INTRODUCTION -- A BRIEF HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS -- CAUSES OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE -- GLOBAL DIFFUSION OF TECHNOLOGY -- PRIYATOSH MAITRA ON INDUSTRIALIZATION -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter Five PARTNERSHIP IN RESEARCH: A NEW MODEL FOR DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE -- INTRODUCTION -- FROM DEVELOPMENT MODELS TO PRACTICE -- REDISCOVERING AGRICULTURE AND THE RATIONAL FARMER -- BEYOND SIMPLE COOPERATION WITH IARCs AND FOREIGNE XPERTS -- THE PROOF OF THE PUDDING IS IN THE EATING -- SOME PRELIMINARY LESSONS -- CONCLUDING COMMENT

The paper reports the findings of an experimental survey conducted to determine the public's willingness to pay (WTP) for the protection and conservation of the golden‐shouldered parrot in Australia. This parrot is endemic to Australia and is one of Australia's most endangered birds. The paper examines the public's knowledge of this parrot and compares it with other endangered birds as well as common birds and the public's WTP for conservation from a hypothetical allocation of money based on their current knowledge. We then examine how this allocation changes with increased knowledge about all species.