Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Stylized Facts -- Trend and Cyclical Components of GDP Growth -- Growth Accounting -- Growth, Investment, and Saving -- Summary -- 2. Determinants of Growth -- Setup -- Growth Determinants -- Transitional convergence -- Cyclical reversion -- Structural policies and institutions -- Stabilization policies -- External conditions -- Sample and Descriptive Statistics -- Estimation Methodology -- Results -- Main results -- Comparison with results under other estimation methods and time horizons -- Growth Explanations -- Explaining changes in growth rates over time -- Explaining differences in growth rates across countries -- 3. Growth in the Future -- Future Growth under Realistic Expectations -- Projections for growth determinants -- Forecasts for the average country in Latin America and the Caribbean -- Country forecasts -- Future Growth under Sharp Reform -- 4. Conclusions -- APPENDIXES -- A. Solow Growth Accounting -- B. Definitions and Sources of Variables Used in Regression Analysis -- C. Sample of Countries -- D. Explaining Changes in Growth by Country -- Bibliography -- LIST OF BOXES -- 1. Literature Review on Economic Growth in Latin America and the Caribbean -- LIST OF TABLES -- 1. Growth Rates of GDP Per Capita by Region, 1961-2000 -- 2. Growth Rates of GDP Per Capita by Country, 1961-2000 -- 3. Growth Rates of Trend GDP Per Capita by Region, 1961-2000 -- 4. Growth Rates of Trend GDP Per Capita by Country, 1961-2000 -- 5. Volatility of GDP Per Capita by Region, 1961-2000 -- 6. Volatility of GDP Per Capita by Country, 1961-2000 -- 7. Simple Growth Accounting, 1961-2000 -- 8. Growth Accounting Adjusted for Human Capital, 1961-2000 -- 9. Growth Accounting Adjusted for Human Capital and Input Utilization, 1971-2000 -- 10. Saving, Growth, and Investment: Bivariate Causality Analysis.

This paper presents evidence on the impact of labor regulations on income inequality using two recently published databases on labor institutions and outcomes (Rama and Artecona, 2002; Botero, Djankov, La Porta, López-de-Silanes and Shleifer, 2003) and different cross-section and panel data analysis techniques for a sample of 121 countries over the 1970-2000 period. When we consider the techniques most likely to be robust, we find that: (i) de jure regulations do not improve income distribution; (ii) relative compliance with existing regulations improves income distribution; (iii) de facto regulations are weakly associated with improving income inequality. This result partly reflects the fact that regulations are endogenous and, more interestingly, different regulations have quite distinct effects. In particular, we find that any redistributive effect of labor regulations may come from trade union membership, public employment and mandated benefits (proxied by maternity leave).