Suchergebnisse

This article studies three first cousins, James Thomas Grant, George Cumming, and Henry Mackenzie, who arrived in India in 1792, 1793, and 1797, respectively. Born in the 1770s, the same decade as Scott, none of the cousins reached their thirtieth birthday, and though none of them died in battle, Cumming left behind huge debts, Mackenzie owed money to a Calcutta lender, and Grant chose not to return to Scotland, where, in due course, he would have succeeded to a considerable estate and become the head of his clan. Their history is used to examine Walter Scott's idea of India as a corn chest, a fabulously rich society whose wealth could be squeezed

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is an important source of nutritious food and fodder in the semi-arid tropics and sub-tropics covering over 65 countries. Systematic cowpea breeding programs started in a few countries from 1960 onwards and became further strengthened with the establishment of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in 1967 with a world mandate to develop improved cowpea varieties for all regions. Over 40 stress resilient high yielding varieties with erect and semi-erect growth habit and 60 to 75 days maturity have been developed and released in over 45 countries. These varieties yield up to 2.5 t ha–1 grain and fodder with 25% to 30% protein in the grains and 15% to 18% protein in the haulms and fit well as a niche crop in the existing cereal based intensive cropping systems and contribute to soil fertility and thereby enhance system's productivity and sustainability. With rapid adoption of the new improved varieties and improved cropping systems, the world cowpea production has increased from about one million ton in 1974 to over 7 million tons in 2014 – the largest increase among all the pulses. The ongoing research on '60-day' cowpeas as a niche crop in 'wheat-rice' system in Northern India and in the rice fallows in central and southern India, as well as in various niches in the kharif season, has shown a good potential to produce over 10 million tons cowpeas over and above the existing pulses production. This would eliminate the need for importing pulses and bring down the escalating prices. In view of the promising research results and recent release of 5 short duration cowpea varieties, it would be highly appropriate for the Government of India to launch a special research and development project to introduce short duration cowpea in relevant cropping systems throughout India.

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper was to examine changes in the contents of Canadian corporate codes of ethics over a period of two decades from an institutionalization perspective.


Design/methodology/approach
– The paper tracks changes in the contents of the codes of large Canadian corporations longitudinally by analyzing their contents at two points over two decades, in 1992 and 2012. In particular, the paper tests three hypotheses related to the institutionalization of codes.


Findings
– It was found that the codes have become more prescriptive, they are more concerned with social responsibility and are more likely to identify their moral and legal authority. Overall, the findings support an institutional interpretation of the observed changes.


Research limitations/implications
– While large corporations are critical in establishing new and innovative management practices, their selection as the study population limits the generalizabilty of the findings. Another limitation of this paper is that it used an a priori determined set of items to analyze the contents of the codes and while this was needed to facilitate the comparison across time, it also meant that some important items were not clearly identified.


Originality/value
– Codes of ethics are the foundation of ethics programs in corporations and their contents could be critical in the development of a culture of ethics in corporations. This paper makes a valuable contribution to research on business ethics by analyzing the codes of ethics of the largest corporations in Canada at two points over two decades. The need to track changes in corporate codes of ethics over time has been advocated by several researchers, but longitudinal studies in this area are rare.