Suchergebnisse

In their paper entitled "Wildfires as an ecosystem service", Pausas and Keeley (2019) summarize the benefits generated by – as well as the evolutionary and socioecological importance of – wildfires for humankind. Although we recognize the importance of wildfires in such a context, we argue that presenting wildfire per se as an ecosystem service is conceptually incorrect and can be misleading for policy makers and resource managers. Throughout their paper, the authors repeatedly refer to (wild)fire as a potential provider of multiple ecosystem services (and not as an ecosystem service itself, as indicated in their article's title). We believe that this is more than a dispute over semantics, for such a contradiction could lead to misperceptions about the definition of the term " ecosystem services", which is especially concerning in light of its real-world applications to fire management. ; ÂS received support from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through PhD grant SFRH/BD/ 132838/2017, funded by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education, and by the European Social Fund–Operational Program Human Capital within the 2014–2020 EU Strategic Framework. AR is funded by Xunta de Galicia (post-doctoral fellowship ED481B2016/084-0). This research was developed as part of the project FirESmart (PCIF/MOG/0083/2017), which received funding from the FCT. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Double-walled oxide nanotube structures are interesting for a wide range of applications, from photocatalysis to drug delivery. In this work, a progressive oxidation method to fabricate double-walled nanotube structures is reported in detail. The approach is based on the electrodeposition of metallic iron nanowires, in porous alumina templates, followed by a selective chemical etching, nanoscale Kirkendall effect, a fast oxidation and out-diffusion of the metallic core structure during thermal annealing. To validate the formation mechanism of such core-shell structure, chemical composition and atomic structure were assessed. The resulting hematite nanotubes have a high degree of uniformity, along several microns, and a nanoscopic double-walled structure. ; J. Azevedo would like to acknowledge the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) for funding (CEECIND/03937/2017). C.T. Sousa thanks FCT for financial support through the Investigador FCT program (Contract No. IF/01159/2015). M.P. Fernández-García acknowledges financial support through Spanish MINECO (research project RTI2018-094683-B-C52); Gobierno del Principado de Asturias and FICyT (through research project FC-GRUPIN-IDI/2018/000185) and University of Oviedo for R&D project 2018/00061/008 in the competitive call PAPI-18-EMERG-8. The authors are thankful to Elettra Sincrotrone for allocating beam-time and their experimental facilities. This work was partially supported by the Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006939 (Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy – LEPABE and "SunStorage - Harvesting and storage of solar energy", with reference POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016387, funded by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), through COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization (OPCI), by FCT - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology I.P. This work was financially supported by: Project PTDC/EQU-EQU/30510/2017 - POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030510 – Sunflow "Solar energy storage into redox flow batteries" funded by FEDER funds through COMPETE2020 - Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) and by national funds (PIDDAC) through FCT/MCTES. This work was also supported by the Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) and COMPETE 2020 (FEDER) under the projects POCI-01-0141-FEDER-032527, PTDC/FIS-MAC/31302/2017, MIT-EXPL/IRA/0012/2017, PTDC/CTM-CTM/28676/2017 and PTDC/FIS-OTI/32257/2017 and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 734801. ; Peer reviewed

Do paradigma do estadocêntrica, que prevaleceu até meados de 1980, para o sociocêntrico, observa-se ampliação do reconhecimento da sociedade civil como ator social e político. Nesse contexto, o processo participativo ganha maior relevo, estando presente em duas concepções estudadas no âmbito da administração pública, o controle social e a gestão social. O presente texto utiliza-se da técnica de revisão bibliográfica sistemática para fazer uma breve reflexão sobre a relação entre o controle social e a gestão social, buscando as semelhanças, diferenças e possíveis interseções entre os conceitos. A priori, considerou-se que o controle social poderia ser utilizado para o exercício da gestão social, como uma espécie de ferramenta. Após aprofundamento no assunto, verificou-se justamente o direcionamento contrário, que a gestão social, normalmente, é apontada como meio para concretização do controle social, este sendo compreendido, majoritariamente, como controle da sociedade sobre o Estado e aquele apenas como um modo da gestão participativo, mas que requer toda uma estrutura de não coação, incentivo à participação e solidariedade, tendo sido verificada uma ênfase associativa ao conceito de exercício da cidadania deliberativa.

Forests in the Mediterranean region have been subject to environmental changes since time immemorial. The region's geography and location has made it a conducive environment between biomes, resulting in significant biodiversity. Since the beginning of human history, forests have adapted to pressures caused by human development, resulting in a complex socio-ecological balance. These pressures, however, have never been more extreme than they are today. Global change, understood as the wide range of global forces resulting from human activity, is affecting the entire Mediterranean basin (Doblas-Miranda et al., 2017). The threats caused by global change pose particular risks to the principal characteristics of Mediterranean forests and forested habitats described in previous chapters: 1. Mediterranean forests and shrublands are highly sensitive to global atmospheric changes due to their proximity to arid regions; 2. a long history of land-use change may result in more frequent and intense fires, water scarcity and land degradation and; 3. a singular biota is linked to a higher vulnerability to global change-induced extinction. Moreover, the wide range of socioeconomic conditions and government policies that characterize the Mediterranean basin affect the intensity and dynamics of these threats. This chapter outlines the different threats to Mediterranean forest landscapes, structured according to indirect and direct causes of degradation. The anthropogenic origin of current global changes directly affecting Mediterranean forests is considered the underlying cause of degradation. Although in many cases these human forces have a global impact (such as greenhouse gas emissions caused by climate change), this chapter will consider their effect on the Mediterranean region in particular. This chapter will also consider the consequences of direct and indirect threats and the combination of both.

Forests in the Mediterranean region have been subject to environmental changes since time immemorial. The region's geography and location has made it a conducive environment between biomes, resulting in significant biodiversity. Since the beginning of human history, forests have adapted to pressures caused by human development, resulting in a complex socio-ecological balance. These pressures, however,have never been more extreme than they are today. Global change, understood as the wide range of global forces resulting from human activity, is affecting the entire Mediterranean basin (Doblas-Miranda et al., 2017). The threats caused by global change pose particular risks to the principal characteristics of Mediterranean forests and forested habitats described in previous chapters: 1. Mediterranean forests and shrublands are highly sensitive to global atmospheric changes due to their proximity to arid regions; 2. a long history of land-use change may result in more frequent and intense fires, water scarcity and land degradation and; 3. a singular biota is linked to a higher vulnerability to global change-induced extinction. Moreover, the wide range of socioeconomic conditions and government policies that characterize the Mediterranean basin affect the intensity and dynamics of these threats.This chapter outlines the different threats to Mediterranean forest landscapes, structured according to indirect and direct causes of degradation. The anthropogenic origin of current global changes directly affecting Mediterranean forests is considered the underlying cause of degradation. Although in many cases these human forces have a global impact (such as greenhouse gas emissions caused by climate change), this chapter will consider their effect on the Mediterranean region in particular. This chapter will also consider the consequences of direct and indirect threats and the combination of both. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion