Suchergebnisse

Water pollution is a prominent and urgent environmental problem that represents a significant challenge in solving the water resource crisis. The ability to choose an optimal environmental policy can provide support for decision makers to effectively control water pollution. This study presents an agent-based model (ABM) approach involving two classes of agents, agricultural household agents and factory agents, to simulate pollutant discharge, and discusses the effectiveness of the whole system and subsystems under multiple policy scenarios involving a combination of environmental tax (ET) and payments for environmental services (PES). This idea is applied to the Shanmei Reservoir watershed, one of the important reservoirs watersheds in China. The results showed that: (1) the ABM represented well pollutant discharge scenarios where Nash coefficient (NSE) values were greater than 0.76 ; (2) though ET and PES policies were both effective in reducing water pollution, PES was more effective at reducing pollution from households, while ET was more effective at controlling industrial pollution emissions ; (3) considering the environmental costs and general effect of the system, a medium degree of PES for agricultural household agents and a medium degree of ET for factory agents were found to be optimal for controlling water pollution in this watershed. A differential compensation mechanism and the introduction of market incentives were recommended to reduce the financial burden of the government. The results also demonstrated that ABM was helpful for choosing an effective policy to control pollution emissions and realizing environmental objectives and socio-economic co-benefits. The model structure and parameters should be optimized in specific cases because of the uncertainty of partial parameters and the neglect of the consumption process. These findings could be helpful for providing guidelines for water pollution control and sustainable water management in China.

In the face of increasingly serious resource and environmental challenges, the world has already accepted low-carbon development as the main way forward for future city construction. Chinese cities have encountered many problems during their development, including land constraints, energy shortages, traffic congestion and air pollution. For this reason, the national meeting of the Central Work Conference on Urbanization made the strategic decision to take a new approach to urbanization and indicated that in future the key features of urbanization in China will be low-carbon development and harmony between the environment and resources. This book discusses the "low-carbon city" as the new pattern of Chinese urbanization. This represents a major change and takes "intensive land use," "intelligent," "green" and "low carbon" as its key words. Low carbon will become an important future development direction for Chinese urbanization development. In the twenty-first Century in response to the global climate change, countries have started a wave of low-carbon city construction. But in China, there are still many disputes and misunderstandings surrounding the issue. Due to a lack of research, low-carbon city construction in China is still in the early stages, and while there have been successes, there have also been failures. There are complex and diverse challenges in applying low-carbon development methods in the context of today's Chinese cities. The construction of low-carbon cities requires efficient government, the technological innovation of enterprises, and professional scholars, but also efforts on the part of the public to change their daily activities. Based on the above considerations, the collection brings together experts from urban planning and design, clean-energy systems, low-carbon transportation, new types of city infrastructure and

The impact of urban rail transit on housing prices has attracted the extensive attention of scholars, but few studies have explored the heterogeneous impact of rail transit on housing prices with different price levels. To solve this problem, we adopted the hedonic price model based on ordinary least squares regression as a supplementary method of quantile regression to study the heterogeneous impact of the Chengdu Metro system on low-, middle-, and high-priced housing. The result shows that the housing price rises first, then falls with the distance from the housing to the nearest subway station. Besides, the influence of transportation accessibility on low-, middle-, and high-priced housing decreases progressively. This research can provide a reference for the government's transportation planning and decision-making.