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AbstractThe question of how and why women committed crimes was a topic of hot debate in 1930s Republican China. Although men sociologists during this period largely framed the origins of both men's and women's crime as a social issue, they nonetheless still seriously considered biological and physiological factors in women's motivation for crime. At the same time, women sociologists who authored the two most comprehensive 1930s studies on women's crime – Zhou Shuzhao and research team Liu Qingyu and Xu Huifang – pushed back on the connections between biology and physiology in relation to crime for both women and men. Instead, they argued unconditionally for the social causes of all crime and particular social challenges for Chinese women. Their methodologies and frameworks were especially influenced by work from the Chicago school of sociology, a department which itself produced a number of prominent women social scientists. This article traces the transnational conversation on women's crime in Republican China through the work of U.S. sociologists who were cited by Zhou, Liu, and Xu; research by Chinese men sociologists, especially prominent sociologist Yan Jingyue; and finally, Zhou, Liu, and Xu's own rebuttals, conclusions, and contributions in developing a theory of Chinese women's crime. By also comparing the work of Chinese and U.S. women social scientists, this article argues that both groups pushed back, with varying strategies, on their men colleagues' inordinate focus on criminalized women's biology and physiology. In this way, both Chinese and U.S. women social scientists spoke into a largely male-dominated conversation and provided novel theories of women's crime as women themselves.

"From Czernowitz to China and Beyond is the verbatim memoir of an extraordinary woman born of Jewish parents in 1890 in Czernowitz, then a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. She describes her life in Czernowitz as a child, China in 1910, New York in 1912 and Shanghai again in 1924. Ethel Liebman Wiesinger tells of being married to a German entrepreneur in pre-revolutionary China and how politics affected her life. Her husband Otto Wiesinger, a lifelong German, fought against Japan in Tsingtau, China during WWI and later sought to import arms to support warlord Chang Tso-lin. In the 1930s, they had an Asian arts store in San Francisco that went bankrupt during the Great Depression. In 1938 Otto returned to Germany to support Hitler. Now on her own, Ethel opened the Beverly Hills Hotel Gift Shop and knew many celebrities. After retirement she lived in Charlevoix, Michigan, until her death in 1984. Additional stories of the family's life in the 20th century are written by her daughters. Edith Gilbert: My Shanghai--At Age Seven and Margot Smith: Growing Up In Beverly Hills"--

Participation in organized sports is considered as a lifestyle characteristic that is dependent on social class and status considerations. It has been argued that each sport, to a certain extent, can be considered as a representative of certain status categories. These social status categories are dynamic and their size, exclusiveness, and even existence are related to the class structures that arise with the development of economic structure. In this article these ideas are given further critical elaboration through the study of the contemporary demographic distribution of participation in different branches of sports in Amsterdam in the Netherlands.

Women's role in biological reproduction is recognised in Indian society over and above their contributions to social reproduction. For ages, dais—traditional midwives—have played important roles in birthing care in India, yet they are subjected to social and economic marginalisation. Contemporary interrogations into the lives of these women reveal their precarious condition. Despite continuing to represent a rich heritage of health care, they now mostly serve those who are yet to benefit from planned development. The current status of the dai has roots in the social history of the institution, which is yet to get adequate attention in research. This article attempts to explore how the images of the dais have been socially constructed in the changing socio-economic, cultural and political contexts of 20th century Bengal.