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In this lucidly-written introduction to the topic, Sylvia Kraemer draws upon her extensive experience in government to develop a useful and powerful framework for thinking about the American approach to shaping and managing scientific innovation. Kraemer suggests that the history of science, technology, and politics is best understood as a negotiation of ongoing tensions between open and closed systems. Open systems depend on universal access to information that is complete, verifiable, and appropriately used. Closed systems, in contrast, are composed of exclusive and often proprietary feature.

Intro -- TECHNOLOGY POLICIES AND ISSUES FOR THE U.S. GOVERNMENT -- TECHNOLOGY POLICIES AND ISSUES FOR THE U.S. GOVERNMENT -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 A FEDERAL CHIEF TECHNOLOGY OFFICER IN THE OBAMA ADMINSTRATION: OPTIONS AND ISSUES FOR CONSIDERATION* -- SUMMARY -- OVERVIEW -- BACKGROUND -- POTENTIAL SCOPE OF DUTIES AND AUTHORITIES -- ORGANIZATIONAL PRECEDENTS -- Agency CIOs, CTOs, and the Chief Information Officers Council (CIO Council) -- CIO, CTO, and e-Government Positions at OMB -- National Performance Review/National Partnership for Reinventing Government -- Department of Commerce Technology Administration -- White House Office of Science and Technology Policy -- POTENTIAL CHALLENGES -- CTO STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITIES IN THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION -- ISSUES FOR CONSIDERATION BY CONGRESS -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 U.S. INITIATIVES TO PROMOTE GLOBAL INTERNET FREEDOM: ISSUES, POLICY AND TECHNOLOGY * -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- EXAMPLES OF COUNTRIES CHARGED WITH RESTRICTING INTERNET FREEDOM -- China10 -- U.S. Internet Companies, China, and Human Rights Issues -- Yahoo! -- Microsoft -- Google -- Cisco Systems -- The Continuing Battle between Censorship and Freedom of Information -- Google and Cyber Attacks -- Iran38 -- U.S. LAW AND INTERNET FREEDOM ABROAD47 -- U.S. Policy for the Promotion of Internet Freedom Abroad51 -- Congressional Action -- THE GLOBAL NETWORK INITIATIVE: PRIVATE SECTOR SUPPORT OF INTERNET FREEDOM61 -- RECENT LEGISLATIVE ACTION63 -- Public Laws -- Title XII: Matters Relating to Foreign Nations -- Subtitle D: VOICE Act-Victims of Iranian Censorship Act or VOICE Act -- Bills and Resolutions in the House of Representatives -- APPENDIX A. TECHNOLOGIES USED TO MONITOR AND CENSOR WEB SITES AND WEB-BASED COMMUNICATIONS65 -- Key-Word List Blocking -- Domain Name System (DNS) Poisoning -- IP Blocking -- Bandwidth Throttling

Second ed. of: New thinking and American defence technology / [prepared by Ashton B. Carter and William J. Perry]. ; "May 1993." ; Mode of access: Internet.

This report provides details of Science and Technology expenditure by 9 Government Departments and 33 separate agencies

This report provides details of Science and Technology expenditure by 10 Government Departments and 34 separate agencies.

Deals with continuity and change by geographic area, 1950-75, policy-making problems and issues and methodological, philosophical, and research aspects.

"Serial no. 97-62." ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 2 17

Innovation and the invisible hand of government / Fred Block -- Part I. Telling the stories: what are the instruments and how have they been deployed in different parts of the economy? The military's hidden hand: examining the dual-use origins of biotechnology in the American context, 1969-1972 / Shelley L. Hurt ; Political structures and the making of U.S. biotechnology / Steven P. Vallas, Daniel Lee Kleinman, and Dina Biscotti ; To hide or not to hide? The advanced technology program and the future of U.S. civilian technology policy / Marina Negoita ; Green capitalists in a purple state: Sandia National Laboratories and the renewable energy industry in New Mexico / Andrew Schrank ; The CIA's pioneering role in public venture capital initiatives / Matthew R. Keller ; DARPA does Moore's law: the case of DARPA and optoelectronic interconnects / Erica Fuchs -- part II. Scale, significance, and implications. Where do innovations come from? Transformations in the U.S. economy, 1970-2006 / Fred Block and Matthew R. Keller ; Failure to deploy: solar photovoltaic policy in the United States / Chris P. Knight ; From developmental network state to market managerialism in Ireland / Seán Ó Riain ; China's (not so hidden) developmental state: becoming a leading nanotechnology innovator in the twenty-first century / Richard P. Appelbaum [and others] ; Everyone an innovator / John A. Alic ; The paradox of the weak state revisited: industrial policy, network governance, and political decentralization / Josh Whitford and Andrew Schrank ; Avoiding network failure: the case of the national nanotechnology initiative / Christopher Newfield.

This report provides details of expenditure by nine Government Departments and 34 separate agencies. It represents the most detailed and comprehensive picture of spending on S&T available in Ireland and shows trends in S&T spending going back over eight years