Marriage and cohabitation are the two most common forms of partnership in Europe. We examined the extent to which marriage and cohabitation are studied from a demographic perspective and to identify differences across European countries. The methodology was established on a keyword search and four phases of preference indicator, based on which we selected 85 articles and incorporate them into the literature review. As determined by the literature review, we identified seven areas: Cohabitation, Marriage, Union Formation, Migrant Partnership Behavior, Fertility, Divorce, and Second Demographic Transition. The influence of society plays a significant role in forming the attitudes and aspirations of individuals in each area of life, and for some, even in the most important, which is starting a family and getting married or not, and on the other hand, in individual aspirations and modern lifestyles.
In grounded theory research it is commonly discouraged to conduct a literature review before data collection and analysis. Engaging with the literature about the researched area in that stage of the research is described as a constraining exercise rather than a guiding one. This can be a puzzling notion for the researcher engaging with grounded theory methodology (GTM), particularly when she/he is expected to produce a literature review in early stages of the research process, e.g., by ethics committees and/or funding bodies. The current article examines this controversial issue by exploring the different stances taken on the subject by the founders of the methodology, as well as the one introduced by constructivist GTM. The different approaches towards the potential impact of a literature review conducted before data collection and analysis are introduced not only as a methodological issue, but also, and more importantly, as an epistemological one. Reflexivity is described as a key element in ensuring the groundedness of a theory in constructivist GTM and various reflexive strategies are presented. It is suggested that the researcher's epistemological framework should be explicitly explored and acknowledged in early stages of the research. (author's abstract)
Purpose The purpose of this study is to present a systematic literature review of academic peer-reviewed articles in English published between 2005 and 2021. The articles were reviewed based on the following features: research topic, conceptual and theoretical characterization, artificial intelligence (AI) methods and techniques.
Design/methodology/approach This study examines the extent to which AI features within academic research in retail industry and aims to consolidate existing knowledge, analyse the development on this topic, clarify key trends and highlight gaps in the scientific literature concerning the role of AI in retail.
Findings The findings of this study indicate an increase in AI literature within the field of retailing in the past five years. However, this research field is fairly fragmented in scope and limited in methodologies, and it has several gaps. On the basis of a structured topic allocation, a total of eight priority topics were identified and highlighted that (1) optimizing the retail value chain and (2) improving customer expectations with the help of AI are key topics in published research in this field.
Research limitations/implications This study is based on academic peer-reviewed articles published before July 2021; hence, scientific outputs published after the moment of writing have not been included.
Originality/value This study contributes to the in-depth and systematic exploration of the extent to which retail scholars are aware of and working on AI. To the best of the author's knowledge, this study is the first systematic literature review within retailing research dealing with AI technology.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyse collaborative risk management (CRM) literature to establish its current position in supply chain risk management (SCRM) and propose an agenda for future research.
Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review of 101 peer-reviewed articles over a 21-year period was employed to analyse literature and synthesise findings to clarify terminology, definitions, CRM capabilities, and underlying theory.
Findings CRM as a field of research is in its infancy and suffers from imprecise definitions, fragmented application of capabilities, and diverse theoretical foundations. The term CRM is identified as a more representative description of relational risk management arrangements. Six capabilities relevant to CRM are identified: risk information sharing, standardisation of procedures, joint decision making, risk and benefit sharing, process integration, and collaborative performance systems.
Originality/value The paper provides a new definition for CRM; proposes a holistic approach in extending collaboration to SCRM; identifies a new capability; and provides a range of theories to broaden the theoretical scope for future research on CRM.
OBJECTIVE: This systematic review was conducted to assess published literature that estimated the suicide risk of military veterans relative to nonveterans, to identify differences in suicide risk and, if indicated, to identify causes of such differences to orient preventative measures.METHODS: I performed a systematic review of literature regarding suicide risk of U.S. military veterans relative to U.S. nonveterans. Studies were not excluded based on method of suicide. Studies counting suicides were preferred to studies of ideation or attempts. Intervention studies were excluded.RESULTS: Studies that met inclusion criteria were scrutinized in terms of methods, comorbidities, demographics, potential causes, general conclusions, and posited theory. I identified 115 unique studies from PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and CINAHL, and secondary references. Of these, 13 studies offered direct and original comparisons of veteran and non-veteran suicide risk.CONCLUSION: Increased risk of suicide among Vietnam veterans was best demonstrated by Hearst et al. (1986). The cause(s) of that increased risk are unknown but are unlikely unique to the Vietnam era. Suicide risk is not distributed evenly among veterans. Individuals who volunteer for military service are more likely to have had a pre-military trauma, but lower military suicide rates suggest a social structure protective against suicide. Suicide risk peaks in veterans immediately after discharge. The causes of these increases are unknown. Several theories are discussed.
Purpose The concept design-driven innovation focuses on innovating product meanings. It has been studied from a variety of perspectives and contexts since the early 2000s. However, a complete overview of the literature published in this area is currently missing. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of how design-driven innovation contributes to value creation in product development.
Design/methodology/approach In this systematic literature review, 57 papers and book chapters that cover design-driven innovation were identified and analyzed. An iterative coding process was followed to derive five facets of design-driven innovation that contribute to value creation.
Findings Design-driven innovation creates value by focusing on the intangible values of products. The following five facets of design-driven innovation that contribute to value creation were identified: development of new product meanings, knowledge generation, actors and collaborations, capabilities and process. These facets and their interrelations are presented in a theoretical framework.
Practical implications The main practical implication of this study is that it is now clear that the five facets of design-driven innovation are interrelated and reinforce each other. Therefore, companies need to approach design-driven innovation from a holistic perspective.
Originality/value This paper contributes to theory by presenting the theoretical framework that provides an overview of available knowledge and that creates a context for future research.
Purpose Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) is a generic language that is often extended by researchers, either for dealing with processes of specific domains or for improving the language itself. The purpose of this paper is to present a literature review that aims to determine the current state of the art of BPMN extensions and identify the gaps that should be filled in this research area.
Design/methodology/approach For a comprehensive and effective analysis, a systematic literature review was conducted. After the collection and filtering of papers, 52 extensions were retained to be thoroughly examined and compared according to a set of criteria including objective, targeted domain, conformity to the extension mechanism, demonstration, implementation, etc.
Findings The representation of the results in the form of tables and graphs allowed the authors to deduce several positive points on the extensions as their demonstration through concrete examples. On the other hand, the authors have observed several shortcomings and suggested recommendations for addressing them.
Originality/value To the best of the authors' knowledge, the literature review is the only one that evaluates and compares all BPMN extensions over the last four years, based on several criteria covering different aspects. Furthermore, the authors were able to verify the conformity of extensions as they were published after the introduction of the BPMN extension mechanism by the Object Management Group.
Purpose The last decades have witnessed an increased interest in urban logistics originating from both the research and the practitioners' communities. Sustainable freight transports today are on the political, social and technological agenda of many actors operating in urban contexts. Due to the extent of the covered areas and the continuous progress in many fields, the resulting body of research on urban logistics appears quite fragmented. From an engineering management perspective, the purpose of this paper is to present a systematic literature review (SLR) that aims to consolidate the knowledge on urban logistics, analyse the development of the discipline, and provide future research directions.
Design/methodology/approach The paper discusses the main evidence emerging from a SLR on urban logistics. The corpus resulting from the SLR has been used to perform a citation network analysis and a main path analysis that together underpin the identification of the most investigated topics and methodologies in the field.
Findings Through the analysis of a corpus of 104 articles, the most important research contributions on urban logistics that represent the structural backbone in the development of the research over time in the field are detected. Based on these findings, this work identifies and discusses three areas of potential interest for future research.
Originality/value This paper presents an SLR related to a research area in which the literature is extremely fragmented. The results provide insights about the research path, current trends and future research directions in the field of urban logistics.
Intelligent environment means an environment where data is collected, e.g., by sensors, and collected data is processed and analysed to provide services. Data can be environmental or location data, or data produced by users. Characteristic to the environment is vast amount of collected data and analyzation capabilities. Sensitive user data is collected, disseminated, and analysed, often without user's proper understanding of what happens to data, who is using it, and for what purposes. This is a problem for privacy and to solve it, it is important to understand concepts and factors that influence on privacy and how these are connected. Privacy has long been basis for democratic societies, and intelligent environments can threat this, if consequences of the usage of these technologies is not holistically considered and understood. To aid understanding, this thesis forms a holistic view of privacy in intelligent environments. It studies concepts and factors affecting to privacy when environment is collecting data of its users. It identifies perspectives concerning privacy and forms an overview regarding how these perspectives are connected to each other. It also identifies privacy problems and threats and presents safeguards and solutions to privacy problems. The thesis is conducted as a systematic literature review, which defines a protocol regarding how literature for the thesis is searched, selected, and analysed. Thesis identifies 7 perspectives (functional, data, societal, social, service provider, user, technical) and their connections, through which privacy in intelligent environments can be examined. Privacy is dynamic, it means different things, has different kind of value, and has different role among different groups of people in different times and contexts, thus privacy and its meaning at societal scale is always evolving. Functional and social perspectives present what privacy is. User applies or uses privacy through functional and social perspectives. User needs privacy as a boundary and as an enabler of appropriate information disclosure in current context. Technology has problems of implementing privacy as a context-dependent process and often fails to protect user's privacy. Service provider is collecting user's data and developing technology to produce intelligent environment services. User's data is protected by laws and regulations prescribed by society. Society sets laws and regulations, which limit or empower technologies in intelligent environments. Technology can be privacy protector or privacy violator; it has the power to enable or threat all privacy's functional and social properties. Technology is also a shaper; it changes how privacy is understood in society and what information is private. Application and new technology developers should carefully consider privacy as consequences for losing it can even shape entire societies towards unknown directions.
Purpose – This study aims to offer a literature review on microinsurance, focusing on its financial performance and social impact. The aim is to review current research in microinsurance performance. Over the past decade, microinsurance has aroused the interest of the scientific community. Scholars have monitored its development and have examined its impact on the poor's ability of breaking out of the poverty trap.
Design/methodology/approach – A systematic-narrative method was used to review the relevant literature. In total, 64 relevant articles on investigating the financial performance and the effects of microinsurance programs on the poor's well-being were reviewed, coded and followed by a narrative synthesis.
Findings – This review synthesizes current published data on microinsurance to provide practitioners and researchers with a better understanding of this important area. Microinsurance benefits the poor, as it reduces their vulnerability to poverty. Microinsurance has a twofold impact on an individual's ability to overcome poverty. First, it has a direct impact on access to healthcare services and, second, it has an indirect effect on an individual's economic status, by moderating risk vulnerability and improving income stability. Further research is necessary to reach concrete conclusions about the financial performance of microinsurance programs. Finally, the analysis of the literature revealed an absence of research regarding the impact of microinsurance on society and sustainable development.
Research limitations/implications – An understanding of the performance of microinsurance services is important. Therefore, the findings can be used by microinsurance practitioners to assess and improve their performance. Further, policy implications such as improvement of financial knowledge and social marketing via education polices to increase microinsurance awareness of its benefits are recommended.
Originality/value – This review provides a synthesis of the literature in microinsurance concerning its financial and social performance, and raises suggestions for future research.
Purpose This study aims to identify a sustainable university's key features. It is an essential step in tracing the topics discussed in the context of a sustainable university and their evolution in the scientific discourse.
Design/methodology/approach This paper relies on a systematic literature review (SLR) conducted using two scholarly databases: Emerald and Scopus. The timeframe selected by the authors for reviewing the available sources spans from 2001 to 2021.
Findings The analysis distinguished seven sustainable university categories, each revealing critical features of sustainable higher education. Each of these categories represents an intriguing area for in-depth analysis. The SLR reveals gaps requiring further scientific exploration.
Research limitations/implications The performed literature review was determined by the choice of entries (keywords) to identify the scientific papers in the selected databases. Moreover, as the authors aimed to focus on peer-reviewed sources, this SLR did not include books and doctoral dissertations dealing with the studied issues.
Practical implications The results of the analysis can be used practically by both researchers and practitioners in the field of sustainable development (SD). Identified scientific gaps become a potential research field, and practitioners interested in the transition toward SD may contribute by accompanying universities in this journey. Collaboration and networking with business stakeholders are critical vectors for spreading the idea of SD.
Social implications Society's growing concern for climate change requires accurate and specific actions from institutions. As entities educating future generations, universities have a unique role in transforming toward SD. The findings allow us to get acquainted with the existing main activities undertaken by higher education institutions in this field and understand the importance of this topic for researchers.
Originality/value SLR is a cornerstone of research synthesis and helps integrate scientific evidence from qualitative and quantitative published studies. Conducted research presents knowledge about university sustainability and can help scientists find research gaps.
Diplomatic action in international relations is a global security priority in the inter-connected world. The birth of cyber diplomacy, occurred in the year 2007, which will always be remembered due to a wide-ranging cyber attack on Estonia. Indeed, Estonia is known for being one of the most wired countries in Europe. The attack consisted of crippled computer networks because of hackers which paralysed numerous amount of government and corporates sites. The escalation in these kinds of attacks highlighted the need for governments to formulate national cyber strategies. This sprang from the realisation that cyberspace, like the physical world, also has military and strategic dimensions and requires countries to work together to defeat cyber opponents.Attacks within cyberspace are subject to strategically-formulated threats, which go beyond the usual physical terrorist-type threats. Global progress, democracy and peace are at stake. This makes cyber diplomacy a major issue for countries' foreign policies, due to the interdisciplinary nature of the domain. A number of aspects are relevant in this respect: policies, politics and sociology (dread), diplomacy, digital/cyber science, multilateralism and world history.This paper reports on a systematic literature review that was carried out to reveal the dimensions of current cyber diplomacy research. While a number of studies have introduced and defined "Cyber Diplomacy" and its associated diplomatic actions, none have sought to distinguish this field from the more traditional and well established diplomacy concept. This is a significant gap in the literature, which will be the topic of future research.
Digital democracy provides a new space for community involvement in democratic life. This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review to uncover the trend of concepts in the study of digital democracy. This study used descriptive analysis with data sources derived from the Scopus database from the period between 2014 and 2020 (a total of 230 articles) and processed with VOSviewer. The results showed three dominant concepts, namely democracy, the internet, and movement. In addition, it was found that the digital era provides positive and negative impacts on democracy, that public knowledge in a quality digital democracy is important, and that there is strong elite control in virtual democracy. The results of this research can be used as a basis for developing digital democracy studies. Meanwhile, this study was limited by the fact that the articles reviewed were only sourced from Scopus and did not include publications from 2022. Therefore, future studies need to take a comparative analysis approach that uses the Web of Science (WoS) database and increases the time period in which articles are sourced.
