Suchergebnisse

28 páginas. ; [ES] Publicado en el Memorial Literario de 1801, la Idea del siglo XVIII es un texto que ha pasado prácticamente desapercibido para la generalidad de los dieciochistas, a pesar de su enorme interés. Constituye una de las primerísimas miradas que el recién inaugurado siglo XIX dirige sobre la centuria anterior, el «siglo ilustrado», como lo denomina el propio autor (presumiblemente Pedro María Olive). El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer este importante y temprano texto español sobre la Ilustración y estudiarlo como espejo y lámpara de los debates y controversias del panorama político, literario y cultural de la España de 1801. ; [EN] Published in Memorial Literario in 1801, Idea del siglo XVIII is a text which has virtually gone unnoticed for most of the scholars of the 18th century, in spite of its great interest. It is one of the first glances cast by the newly welcomed 19th century at the former «Enlightenment century», according to the author's denomination (presumably, Pedro Maria Olive). The objective of this work is to release this important and early Spanish text about the [EN] Enlightenment and study it as the mirror and the lamp of the discussions and controversies of the political, literary and cultural scene of Spain in 1801. ; Este artículo se enmarca en el proyecto de investigación FFI2008-01870 concedido por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. ; Peer reviewed

The Enlightenment is here located in the global transmission of goods, people and ideas. The Scottish participation in Empires is explored through four distinctive themes. The first scrutinises how Whig and Jacobite perspectives on Enlightenment affected Scottish engagement with the British and other Empires. The second relates to the impact of Enlightenment thinking on the reputed decline of Spanish Empire on Scottish commercial access to Latin America. The third deals with enlightened critiques of Empire that were not necessarily sustained by observation and practical experience. The fourth explores through case studies the application of Enlightenment in North America and India. Most of the contributions were primarily given as papers to the Eighteenth Century Scottish Studies Society Conference held in Paris Sorbonne in July 2013 with the Adam Smith Society and the Centre Roland Mousnier (Sorbonne) on 'Scotland, Europe and Empire in the Age of Adam Smith and Beyond'. This volume is published with the financial support of the Centre Roland Mousnier, Sorbonne University.

The aim of this essay is to analyze the ideas about commercial society among Spanish and Spanish American intellectuals from the second half of the eighteenth century to the first decades of the following century. Special attention is paid to some relevant concepts like "amor propio" or "interés". We are also specially interested in the knowledge of political economy and its moral implications for the idea of commercial society. My proposal is to consider the possibilities of a Catholic enlightenment as the expression of the combination of some intrinsic principles of the enlightened thought with Catholic confessionalism. This is significant not only for the understanding of the enlightenment in the Spanish World but also for a correct interpretation of the first constitutionalism. ; RESUMENEn este trabajo pretendemos dar cuenta de la posición que destacados intelectuales hispanos de mediados/finales del siglo XVIII y de principios del XIX (ya con cultura constitucional primero y con constitucionalismo, después) sostuvieron respecto de la denominada "sociedad comercial", a partir de lo que se entendía como su motor esencial: el "amor propio" o "interés ". Una sociedad comercial y una ciencia que le era propia, la "economía política" que contenía una amplia consideración moral, que nos interesa especialmente. Y, precisamente de resultas de la compatibilización que dichos intelectuales desarrollaron de este principio compartido y esencial de las diversas ilustraciones con la confesionalidad católica propia de la Monarquía hispánica, primero, y de la Nación Católica, después, creemos posible hablar de la existencia en el conjunto del Atlántico hispano de una Ilustración católica que tendría un papel destacado en tanto que Ilustración pero también como presupuesto explicativo del peculiar constitucionalismo hispano

Our aim is to show how the discussion about the most suitable scale for imperial scientific policies conditioned the type of botany that was to spread throughout the colonies. Thus we want to explore the shift between two conflicting types of biopolitics: the botanical policy of the Metropolis and the political botany in the colonies. This is a distinction that refers to the shift from an organizational model based on the production of data towards one that assigns and redistributes values. They both emanate from the plant world. The first biopolicy seeks to take advantage of the domain through its floristic resources; the second, in contrast, tries to ensure that the qualities of the plants, by digestion, should improve the moral stature of the community. The Empire demands a policy to organize plants, while in the colonies they need a type of botany to create the polis. ; Peer reviewed

"Report on the Agrarian Law" (1795) and Other Writings is the first modern English translation of perhaps the greatest work of the Spanish Enlightenment, Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos's "Informe sobre la Ley Agraria" (1795). A major work of political economy and a beautifully crafted philosophical history of Spain's political development until the eighteenth century, 'Informe sobre la Ley Agraria' is a classic work of the Spanish Enlightenment. Displaying the richness of Spanish Enlightenment writing on political economy emerging from a fecund conjugation of foreign writers (Smith, Ferguson, Condillac, Mirabeau, Genovesi) with Spanish writers (Ulloa, Olavide, Uztáriz, Campomanes), this masterpiece explores the lessons learned from the shortcomings of the Spanish Crown's economic policies in the eighteenth century."--

La prestigiosa serie Routledge Companion, dirigida principalmente a estudiantes angloparlantes, acaba de dar a conocer su tomo sobre Hispanic Enlightenment con objeto de procurar a sus lectores una visión interdisciplinar, rica y novedosa de la Ilustración hispánica, lo que lo emparenta por lengua de publicación y motivación de base con el reciente The Spanish Enlightenment revisited (2015) de los Oxford University Studies in the Enlightenment. Si este tomo repasaba la Ilustración española desde el prisma de las Ciencias Sociales, el volumen que reseñamos pretende atender además a Artes y Humanidades y extender sus fronteras a Ultramar; para ello, en resumen, conjuga varias disciplinas, «litterature, history, art, music, science, economics, political science», y ofrece 29 capítulos obra de 30 especialistas en las citadas áreas de conocimiento.

Eighteenth-century Spanish women were not idle bystanders during one of Europe's most dynamic eras. As Theresa Ann Smith skillfully demonstrates in this lively and absorbing book, Spanish intellectuals, calling for Spain to modernize its political, social, and economic institutions, brought the question of women's place to the forefront, as did women themselves. In explaining how both discourse and women's actions worked together to define women's roles in the nation, The Emerging Female Citizen not only illustrates the rising visibility of women, but also reveals the complex processes that led to women's relatively swift exit from most public institutions in the early 1800s. As artists, writers, and reformers, Spanish women took up pens, joined academies and economic societies, formed tertulias--similar to French salons--and became active in the burgeoning public discourse of Enlightenment. In analyzing the meaning of women's presence in diverse centers of Enlightenment, Smith offers a new interpretation of the dynamics among political discourse, social action, and gender ideologies.

Los Discursos Mercuriales (1752-1756) de Juan Enrique Graef ocupan un lugar eminente en la historia del periodismo de la Ilustración española. Esto se debe a su incuestionable carácter pionero, que alcanzó cuestiones tanto de forma como de contenido. En este artículo se analiza el pensamiento económico que se difundió en sus páginas con el fin de evaluar su papel en el proceso de emergencia de la Economía Política en la España de la Ilustración. En él se demuestra que los Discursos Mercuriales fueron en esencia una versión de una publicación periódica francesa, el Journal Oeconomique. De él derivó Graef su contenido económico mayoritario, relacionado con la tradicional oikonomia o oeconomie. Ahora bien, al mismo tiempo, la iniciativa de Graef también se abrió a las pioneras reflexiones acerca de la "ciencia del comercio" que estaban tomando forma en Francia en torno al círculo de Gournay. Graef, por vez primera en la Ilustración española, reconocía que el "comercio" se había convertido en una ciencia que poseía una reglas propias y genuinas, y defendía enfáticamente que fuesen adaptadas a la realidad de la Monarquía española. ; The Mercurial Discourses (1752-1756) written by Juan Enrique Graef occupy an eminent place in the history of the Spanish Enlightenment journalism. This work possesses an unquestionable pioneering character, which reaches both structural and content aspects. This article analyzes the economic thought reflected in the Mercurial Discourses, aiming at evaluating its role in the emergency process of the Political Economy in the Spanish Enlightenment. This article shows that the referred newspaper was essentially a version of a French journal entitled Journal Oeconomique. The Mercurial Discourses mostly reflects the economic content of this French journal, related to the traditional oikonomia or oeconomie. However, at the same time, the Graef's initiative has reflected a number of pioneering reflections on the "science of commerce" that was taking shape in France around the Gournay´s circle. Graef, for the first time in the Spanish Enlightenment, recognized that the "commerce" had become a science that was governed by its own genuine rules, and he strongly defended his adaptation to the Spanish Monarchy´s reality.

From the late 17th century on, a minority of Spanish intellectuals display their concerns and proposals of reform in order to "modernize" their country. They would be known as novatores (innovators), then as representatives of a local Enlightenment. Aware of the political, religious and social limits of their aspirations, this intellectual minority tends to avoid expressing their reflections on the fundamental institutional and ideological pillars of the country, throne and altar. However, when Napoleon tries to impose by force his way of "overcoming" the Ancien Régime, many representatives of that minority fight and debate to offer concrete formulations for the construction of the modern State, whose shock wave will spread outside Spain itself. How to explain such an abrupt transition from a cautious and moderate reformism to a liberal political experimentation, with notions and achievements able to spread outside Spain? Is there any precedent in utopian literature that helps explain such a transformation? ; Desde finales del siglo XVII, los partidarios de "modernizar" España, primero los novatores y más adelante sus continuadores, los ilustrados, despliegan sus intereses intelectuales y propuestas de reforma en diversos ámbitos. Esta minoría intelectual, consciente de los límites políticos, religiosos y sociales de sus aspiraciones, suele evitar exponer sus reflexiones sobre los pilares institucionales e ideológicos fundamentales del país, trono y altar. Sin embargo, cuando Napoleón trata de imponer por la fuerza su vía de "superación" del Antiguo Régimen, muchos representantes de esa minoría se baten y debaten para ofrecer formulaciones concretas para la construcción del Estado moderno, cuya onda expansiva se propagará fuera de la propia España: ¿del reformismo cauto y moderado a la experimentación política liberal sin solución de continuidad? ¿Existe algún precedente en la literatura utópica que contribuya a explicar semejante transformación?

"Two centuries after Cortes and Pizarro seized the Aztec and Inca empires, Spain's conquest of America remained unfinished. Indians retained control over most of the lands in Spain's American empire. Mounted on horseback, savvy about European ways and often possessing firearms, independent Indians continued to find new ways to resist subjugation by Spanish soldiers and conversion by Spanish missionaries. In this panoramic study, David Weber explains how late eighteenth-century Spanish administrators tried to fashion a more enlightened policy toward the people they called barbaros, or 'savages'. Even Spain's most powerful monarchs failed, however, to enforce a consistent, well-reasoned policy toward Indians. At one extreme, powerful independent Indians forced Spaniards to seek peace, acknowledge autonomous tribal governments and recognise the existence of tribal lands, fulfilling the Crown's oft-stated wish to use 'gentle' means in dealing with Indians. At the other extreme the Crown abandoned its principles, authorising bloody wars on Indians when Spanish officers believed they could defeat them. Power, says Weber, more than the power of ideas, determined how Spaniards treated 'savages' in the Age of Enlightenment."--

Juan de Iriarte y Cisneros y sus sobrinos Bernardo, Tomás y Domingo de Iriarte y Nieves-Ravelo conformaron uno de los núcleos intelectuales más importante de la España del siglo XVIII. Algunos de los manuscritos que nos dejaron son interesantes para la lexicología y la lexicografía históricas. Por una parte, pueden aportarnos datos sobre el desarrollo de ambas disciplinas en la etapa; por otra, y sobre todo, nos facilitan el conocimiento del léxico de la época. Siguiendo una metodología historiográfica, nuestro examen ofrecerá datos de obras desconocidas, y mostrará también cómo la ascensión política y social de los Iriarte estuvo vinculada a sus proyectos filológicos. ; Juan de Iriarte y Cisneros and his nephews, Bernardo, Tomás and Domingo de Iriarte y Nieves-Ravelo formed one of the most important intellectual groups of the eighteenth century Spain. Some of the manuscripts left to us are interesting for historical lexicology and lexicography. On the one hand, they can provide data on the development of both disciplines on the stage; on the other, and above all, they provide knowledge of the Spanish lexicon of the time. Our review will provide information about unknown works, and also show how the political and social ascension of the Iriartes was linked to their philological projects.

THE AUTHOR DISCUSSES THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE IMPACT OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION ON THE ORIGINS AND CONSTRUCTION OF SPANISH-AMERICAN LIBERAL REPUBLICANISM. SECONDLY, HE CONSIDERS THE INTELLECTUAL MODE OF THOUGHT THAT FILTERED THE ENLIGHTENMENT AND FRENCH PHILOSOPHICAL FORCE OF THE LANGUAGE OF LIBERTY AND HUMAN RIGHTS. THEN HE FORMULATES SOME OF THE CONCEPTUAL WEAKNESSES STEMMING FROM THIS STILL-ACTIVE SOURCE OF POLITICAL LEGITIMACY.

Two centuries after Cortés and Pizarro seized the Aztec and Inca empires, Spain's conquest of America remained unfinished. Indians retained control over most of the lands in Spain's American empire. Mounted on horseback, savvy about European ways, and often possessing firearms, independent Indians continued to find new ways to resist subjugation by Spanish soldiers and conversion by Spanish missionaries.In this panoramic study, David J. Weber explains how late eighteenthcentury Spanish administrators tried to fashion a more enlightened policy toward the people they called bárbaros, or "savages." Even Spain's most powerful monarchs failed, however, to enforce a consistent, well-reasoned policy toward Indians. At one extreme, powerful independent Indians forced Spaniards to seek peace, acknowledge autonomous tribal governments, and recognize the existence of tribal lands, fulfilling the Crown's oft-stated wish to use "gentle" means in dealing with Indians. At the other extreme the Crown abandoned its principles, authorizing bloody wars on Indians when Spanish officers believed they could defeat them. Power, says Weber, more than the power of ideas, determined how Spaniards treated "savages" in the Age of Enlightenment