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Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Chronology -- 1. The Interpretation of the Fourth Amendment Has Changed over Time -- 2. Fourth Amendment Rights of Students are Tempered by Security Concerns -- 3. Public Schools May Search Students in Order to Maintain Discipline -- 4. Schools May Test Students Involved in Athletics for Drugs -- 5. Schools May Test Students Involved in Extracurricular Activities for Drugs -- 6. The Lawyer for the Earls Defendant Laments the Court's Decision -- 7. Student Drug Testing is Ineffective and Damaging -- 8. Student Drug Testing is Effective and does not Violate Student Privacy -- 9. The Increased Acceptance Toward Student Drug Testing Threatens All -- 10. It is a Violation of Students' Rights for Schools to Conduct Unwarranted Searches -- 11. The Student Plaintiff in Redding Describes Her Search by School Officials -- 12. The Supreme Court Has Determined That Students have Few Rights -- 13. Seizures and Searches of Students' Phones and Laptops are Constitutional -- 14. Fourth Amendment Rights have Become Weaker in Recent Years -- Organizations to Contact -- For Further Reading -- Index -- Back Cover

In the companion cases of Canadian Broadcasting Corp. v. Lessard and Canadian Broadcasting Corp. v. New Brunswick (AG.), the Supreme Court of Canada decided that the media should not have any special protection from police search and seizure above that afforded to ordinary citizens. In refusing to create a standard of heightened constitutional protection to be met before a search warrant can be issued against the press, the Court turned a blind eye to its past interpretations of section 8 of the Charter as containing a standard of reasonableness that varies depending upon the context of the search and the particular rights involved. These decisions ignore the unique role that the media play in a democratic society and will continue to have a negative impact on the constitutional guarantees of freedom of the press. It appears that a better balance of the interests of the press and of law enforcement can only be reached through legislative intervention.

This legal research study identified Supreme Court cases relating to search and seizure generally, and Supreme Court, federal and state court cases relating specifically to search and seizure in education. The purpose of this study was to identify those concepts, doctrines and principles of law governing searches and seizures in order to inform administrators of their legal responsibilities. Concepts, doctrines and principles of law governing searches and seizures are summarized in the following statements: (1) Students have a right to privacy, but this right must be balanced against the school's interests and the rights of others. (2) Searches must be reasonably related to a legitimate school purpose. General, exploratory, blanket and indiscriminate searches will not be sustained by courts. (3) School officials have an affirmative obligation to maintain order and discipline for the health and safety of students. (4) Searches must be based on concrete, articulable facts. Mere suspicion is not acceptable to the courts. (5) Elementary and secondary school officials, acting in loco parentis, are generally held to the lesser standard of reasonable cause to believe. However, the more intrusive the search, the higher the standard to be applied. (6) Colleges and universities cannot condition attendance upon a waiver of a student's constitutional rights. (7) Police initiated searches are subject to the higher standard of probable cause. (8) In cases where exigent circumstances existed, such as the destruction of evidence or harm to another, administrative officials have an affirmative obligation to act immediately and they are not subject to the warIant requirement (9) Contraband seen in plain view is subject to seizure without a warrant. ; Ed. D.

This article examines the Ukraine as a maritime power, released its potential in the development of the agricultural sector, especially its location. Ukraine being the world's fourth largest exporter of grain, has not its own fleet for transportation. Analyzes the position of the Ukrainian state on the matter, as well as improvement of Ukrainian legislation in this sector. The characteristic features of Ukraine in the transportation of grain cargoes, interoperability of different transport modes for carrying out the domestic transportation of goods, as well as the development of the industry. Distinguished company "Nibulon " as a leader in the field of grain transportation of goods, which has its own fleet, as well as increase it. The possibilities and prospects of cooperation of public-private cooperation in the sphere of cargo transportation by river and rail.

I've been a bit skeptical about seizure of Russian assets, mostly on pragmatic grounds: Seizing a sovereign's money when one is not yet actually at war with the sovereign strikes me as a perilous matter, not quite as much as seizing the sovereign's territory but still a big deal. I was also unsure that this…

Caption title ; At head of title: 50 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 48) A. 1887. ; Electronic reproduction. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 44

Abstract
This essay explores the financialization of liberal governmentality through questions posed by cryptocurrency, especially in its relationship with the monetary coding of the globe since Bretton Woods. Contemporary Global South deployments of crypto foreground political performatives that can be characterized as attempts to short-circuit established global configurations. This modality of speedy bypassing, enabling volatility and seizure, fuels processes of financialization more broadly, which accelerate and shorten circuits of profit making and, in tandem, short-circuit democratic political representation. Crypto magnifies the tension between the semiotics of the social contract among nations moored in rights, and that of currency as a global language. Digital-speculative monetization warns that the social contract, a futures contract for a secure and stable future, may approach the aleatory contract of the futures trade.