Suchergebnisse

"This report summarizes new and counting activities during calendar year 2009 under the Tropical Forest Conservation Act of 1998, Congressionally-authorized debt relief program jointly managed by the Departments of State and Treasury and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)."

Although environmental justice emerged as a research area in the 1970s, those facing environmental risk had analyzed their problems and mobilized for redress long before that time (1, 2). In the United States, ample research shows that the marginalized and the less affluent are more exposed to environmental threats than others. Pearson et al. (3) offer analyses that link the environmental justice literature to environmental social psychology and, in doing so, raise important issues for both research and engagement.

Pearson et al.'s (3) analysis provides insight into the environmental concerns of those most at risk. They replicate long-standing findings that in the United States, Asians, blacks, and Latinos all have higher levels of concern for the environment than whites, even when other aspects of position in the social structure (age, gender, income, etc.) are controlled. This greater concern contrasts with the relative dearth of minorities in environmental organizations and agencies and in the environmental sciences (4).

Many factors contribute to the disparity between level of concern and engagement. Pearson et al. (3) offer an important insight: the environmental belief paradox. In a US national survey, they find that Asians, blacks, and Latinos are more environmentally concerned than whites, but they perceive their communities as less concerned than whites. The same patterns exist for those with lower incomes: they perceive themselves as less concerned than they actually are. The finding is robust; it applies to both environmental concern and identification as an environmentalist. It also holds when the issue is framed as general environmentalism or concern with climate change.

The environmental belief paradox forms a bridge between the environmental justice literature and work in environmental …

[↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: tdietzvt{at}gmail.com.

[1]: #xref-corresp-1-1

The most significant shift in environmental governance over the last thirty years has been the convergence of environmental and liberal economic norms toward "liberal environmentalism"—which predicates environmental protection on the promotion and maintenance of a liberal economic order. Steven Bernstein assesses the reasons for this historical shift, introduces a socio-evolutionary explanation for the selection of international norms, and considers the implications for our ability to address global environmental problems. The author maintains that the institutionalization of "sustainable development" at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) legitimized the evolution toward liberal environmentalism. Arguing that most of the literature on international environmental politics is too rationalist and problem-specific, Bernstein challenges the mainstream thinking on international cooperation by showing that it is always for some purpose or goal. His analysis of the norms that guide global environmental policy also challenges the often-presumed primacy of science in environmental governance.

Although Rachel Carson's Silent Spring (1962) is often cited as the founding text of the U.S. environmental movement, in The Malthusian Moment Thomas Robertson locates the origins of modern American environmentalism in twentieth-century adaptations of Thomas Malthus's concerns about population growth. For many environmentalists, managing population growth became the key to unlocking the most intractable problems facing Americans after World War II—everything from war and the spread of communism overseas to poverty, race riots, and suburban sprawl at home. Weaving together the international and the domestic in creative new ways, The Malthusian Moment charts the explosion of Malthusian thinking in the United States from World War I to Earth Day 1970, then traces the just-as-surprising decline in concern beginning in the mid-1970s. In addition to offering an unconventional look at World War II and the Cold War through a balanced study of the environmental movement's most contentious theory, the book sheds new light on some of the big stories of postwar American life: the rise of consumption, the growth of the federal government, urban and suburban problems, the civil rights and women's movements, the role of scientists in a democracy, new attitudes about sex and sexuality, and the emergence of the "New Right."

As innovated by French "free runners" David Belle and Sébastien Foucan in the1990s, Parkour is a physical cultural lifestyle of athletic performance focusing on uninterrupted and spectacular gymnastics over, under, around, and through obstacles in urban settings. Through the public practice of Parkour across late modern cities, advocates collectively urge urban pedestrians to reconsider the role of athleticism in fostering self—other environment connections. This article taps ethnographic data collected on Parkour enthusiasts in Toronto (Canada). For 2 years, the author spent time in the field with "traceurs" (i.e., those who practice Parkour) and conducted open-ended interviews with them regarding their experiences with the movement. In this article, the author explores Parkour as an emerging urban "anarcho-environmental" movement, drawing largely on Heidegger's critique of technology along with Schopenhauer's understanding of the will to interpret the practice of Parkour as a form of urban deconstruction.

AbstractUsing social network theory and resource dependence theory, this study undercovers whether independent directors' interlocks contribute directly to the corporate financial performance of Chinese firms or indirectly through green technology innovation. Furthermore, we scrutinize how the environmental protection management system affects the path between independent directors' interlocks and green technology innovation. Using a sample of 4902 listed firms in China over the period of 2010–2022, the results indicate that firms possess interlocks through their independent directors play a crucial role in fostering performance and developing low‐carbon technologies. With an environmental protection management system, the impact of the independent directors' interlocks on corporate green technology innovation is stronger, indicating the significant role of corporate internal environmental context. This study offers practical implications for firms and policymakers by demonstrating how independent director interlocks can simultaneously advance corporate and national economic and environmental objectives.

This report examines the destabilizing effects of climate change and how the military could be used to mitigate global warming and to assist at-risk peoples and states to adapt to climate change.

"Populism, Eco-populism, and the Future of Environmentalism analyzes the history and language of populism in order to fully comprehend the threat of eco-fascism - paradoxically revealing that it is possible for there to be both progressive eco-populist and right-wing sham eco-populist discourses. The book highlights the harrowing prospect that the crises of democracy now confronting countries such as the United States may culminate in forms of eco-fascism in a world increasingly divided over issues of economic and social inequality, immigration, and competition for dwindling resources. The author reveals that there is a language of eco-populism that accompanies populist and sham populist discourse of the left and right as ecological crises have assumed a more prominent role in national and global politics. These crises are exacerbated by the willingness of the fossil fuel industry to destabilize democracy in order to forestall government-imposed limits on carbon emissions and elimination of fossil fuel subsidies that threaten their profits. The book, primarily a work of political and ecological theory, draws on the history of populism as well as the history of conservation and modern environmental movements to make an innovative argument - that a radical form of right-wing sham eco-populism that emerged out of the crucible of the energy crisis and recession of the 1970s has substantially contributed to the crises we now face. The author maintains that the only plausible solution to current political and ecological crises is a progressive eco-populism that combines environmental justice and sustainability with economic and social justice, and offers resources that can help construct a democratic and inclusive movement and culture. A progressive eco-populist vision has led to proposals for a Green New Deal and the development of the Build Back Better Act currently being considered by the U.S. Congress, but the stalemate between progressive and conservative Democrats over the bill reveals both the compromised state of U.S. representative democracy and the need for a stronger movement to hold politicians and government accountable. This book will be of great interest to students, scholars, and researchers of environmental politics, environmental history, and environmental philosophy, as well as sociology, political science, and history"--

This report documents concerns about children's environment well-being, such as being exposed to certain chemicals, and what the the legislatures face to draw conclusions and identify certain issues.

AbstractThe life environmentalism model, which emphasizes the lives and livelihoods of local communities, was developed in Japan on the basis of intensive field research in the Lake Biwa district. There were two opposing schools of thought when the model was created in 1984. One school recognized the benefits of untouched nature, relied on ecology as a science and was supported by ecological movements. We label this model natural environmentalism (the eco‐system model). The other school of thought maintained that the development of modern technology could resolve environmental problems and was strongly supported by the administrators of the Lake Biwa district. We have called this modern technocentrism. After critiquing both ideas we propose a life environmentalism model, which focuses on matters of ownership, community organization and residents' consciousness using the concepts of common possession, iibun (group views) and life consciousness. The model is effective in densely populated countries such as Japan and China but it may not be useful in areas with a low population density. The differences between the basic ideas of this model and the other two models, especially the eco‐system model, may provide hints on suitable ways to preserve the environment.