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Статья посвящена анализу проблем организации обучения логическому и функциональному языкам программирования и путей их решения. Авторами рассмотрены взгляды исследователей на изучение декларативных языков программирования. Обозначены актуальные проблемы преподавания декларативных языков программирования в высшей школе. Решение этих проблем существенно повышает уровень подготовленности будущего специалиста, расширяет его кругозор и совершенствует его навыки разработки сложных программных проектов в различных областях, в том числе в искусственном интеллекте.The article is devoted to the analysis of problems of organization of teaching logical and functional programming languages and the ways for the solution of those problems. The authors considered the views of the researchers on the study of declarative programming languages; identified the current problems of teaching declarative programming languages at universities; stated that the solution of the discussed problems increases the level of readiness of future specialists, expands their outlook and develops the skills of development of complex programming projects in various fields, including artificial intelligence.

Contribution: A systematic literature review on the empirical evidence regarding the usage of programming languages for learning purposes is presented. The review analyzes different methods and tools at different educational levels and with different objectives. Background: Learning programming has gained relevance in the last decade. This is due to the massive presence of programmable elements ranging from computers to toys. Because of this, the interest of researchers on this topic has increased. Questions, such as what to use, in what educational stages to use it, the effectiveness of the method, and the focal objectives for learning programming are questions that do not have obvious answers. Research Questions: 1) What empirical evidence exists on the use of educational programming languages (EPLs)? 2) In what context is the research performed? 3) How is effectiveness reported in the literature after applying EPLs? 4) What pedagogical goals are achieved by using EPLs? Methodology: Following a formal protocol, automated searches were performed for primary studies from 2007 to 2018. A total of 62 studies were identified, of which 29 were selected and analyzed since they include some type of empirical evidence. Findings: After performing the evaluation, the results support the need for better approaches with empirical evidence when reporting research on the usage of EPLs. Some research opportunities are identified which concerns the used programming languages, the areas or stages of their application, or the need to have more empirical evidence in general and more studies in non-WEIRD (Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) contexts. ; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad RTI2018-101204-B-C22 ; Agencia Estatal de Investigación TIN2017-90644-REDT ; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades RTI2018-094283-B-C33

The Questionnaire Programming Language (QPL) software provides a relatively easy, quick, and reliable way to automate surveys. QPL was produced by Kevin Dooley and associates at the U.S. General Accounting Office and is a public-domain program. QPL is useful for conducting small- to large-scale computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) and self-admimstered questionnaire surveys. It also is useful for data entry and automated production of SPSS or SAS data definition files. In this article the QPL system is described with some example of how it has been used. These examples include a survey conducted in an instructional context. Particular emphasis is given to how to implement call management with "control" files of telephone numbers. Keywords. QPL, CATI, computer-assisted telephone interviewing, data entry.

Distributed War Gaming (DWG) is the interactive simulation of military systems employing their command and control (C') - systems and the data processing capabilities of their headquarters. Using land-warfare as an example, a conceptual framework for the development of DWG-systems is provided which is based on the utilization of object-oriented software systems. In contrast to traditional software, these systems invoke the transformation of data by messages between objects which specify the transformation to be performed by the addressed object. When defining the system to be modelled, the analyst needs to be concerned with the reaction of individual objects to local messages only. The dynamics of complex systems are the results of the propagation of local messages to its individual elements. Based on a brief descripton of the basic principles behind object-oriented languages, a classification of objects and their attributes in a land-wargame is discussed and a definition of object behaviors is illustrated. Eight basic types of messages for a DWG and their formats are proposed, as is an algorithm for the synchronizaton of distributed simulations in DWG. Object-oriented software systems are judged to have potential for facilitating evolution in military software development. Their use in DWG could, in the long run, alleviate the problem of model acceptability. Thus, the development of prototype DWG-systems is proposed for feasibility testing and for the development of a strategy for the evolution of operational DWG-systems. ; The research work reported herein was funded by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, 1400 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, Virginia 22209, Project No. N0001484WR24187 for the Chief of Naval Research, Code 512, Arlington, VA 22217. ; http://archive.org/details/ondistributedwar00hube ; N0001484WR24187

Cryptography is an old idea and science, but its approach exists and plays a large role in modernization today. Conventional cryptographic techniques form the basis of today's cryptographic algorithm. The different categories of algorithms have their respective features; internally, in performance and implementation. Cryptographic schemes and mechanisms have undergone continuous improvement. The application of cryptography has grown increasingly, ranging from limited use in state institutions to widespread use by private individuals and companies. The increased use of the Internet has significantly influenced the nature of applications and the way we communicate. Data security dictates the use of different cryptographic techniques. For this reason, we analyze in detail the various coding techniques by evaluating their performance and efficiency. Regarding the new paradigms in cryptography there are also new cryptographic schemes whose application requires detailed study and analysis. The classical cryptography algorithm is the oldest algorithm that was used long before the cryptographic system was discovered. Currently, the system has been widely applied to secure data, and using new methods in a way to improve existing methods. In this thesis the use of cryptographic methods using the C # programming language will be discussed.

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