Suchergebnisse

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is associated with distinct syndromes and diseases in swine, collectively known as porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVAD), which include postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), PCV2-associated pneumonia as a part of the porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC), PCV2-associated enteritis, PCV2-associated reproductive failure, and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) (1–3). PCV2-infection is widespread and essentially all pig herds are infected with PCV2. Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), a member of the genus Circovirus in the family Circoviridae, is a very small single-stranded negative-sense DNA virus of approximately 1.7 kb (4). The genome of PCV2 encodes three major open reading frames (ORFs) encoding the replicase proteins (ORF1), the viral capsid protein (ORF2), and a protein with suggested apoptotic activity (ORF3) (5). Previous reports showed that there were five PCV2 genotypes, including PCV2a, PCV2b, PCV2c, PCV2d, and PCV2e (6– 9). Here, we report the complete genome sequence of Ukrainian PCV2 isolates from different regions of Ukraine.

Human brain tissue models such as cerebral organoids are essential tools for developmental and biomedical research. Current methods to generate cerebral organoids often utilize Matrigel as an external scaffold to provide structure and biologically relevant signals. Matrigel however is a nonspecific hydrogel of mouse tumor origin and does not represent the complexity of the brain protein environment. In this study, we investigated the application of a decellularized adult porcine brain extracellular matrix (B-ECM) which could be processed into a hydrogel (B-ECM hydrogel) to be used as a scaffold for human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived brain organoids. We decellularized pig brains with a novel detergent- and enzyme-based method and analyzed the biomaterial properties, including protein composition and content, DNA content, mechanical characteristics, surface structure, and antigen presence. Then, we compared the growth of human brain organoid models with the B-ECM hydrogel or Matrigel controls in vitro. We found that the native brain source material was successfully decellularized with little remaining DNA content, while Mass Spectrometry (MS) showed the loss of several brain-specific proteins, while mainly different collagen types remained in the B-ECM. Rheological results revealed stable hydrogel formation, starting from B-ECM hydrogel concentrations of 5 mg/mL. hESCs cultured in B-ECM hydrogels showed gene expression and differentiation outcomes similar to those grown in Matrigel. These results indicate that B-ECM hydrogels can be used as an alternative scaffold for human cerebral organoid formation, and may be further optimized for improved organoid growth by further improving protein retention other than collagen after decellularization. ; European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant (No. 722779) awarded to RS; AMS group (CBMSO-UAM) grant (No. MINECO SAF-2017-83241-R) awarded tp AMS, ISC-III RETICS TerCel (RD16/0011/0032) and ASCTN597 Training (No. 813851) awarded to AMS, and NIH grants ((P41EB027062 and R01NS092847)

Human brain tissue models such as cerebral organoids are essential tools for developmental and biomedical research. Current methods to generate cerebral organoids often utilize Matrigel as an external scaffold to provide structure and biologically relevant signals. Matrigel however is a nonspecific hydrogel of mouse tumor origin and does not represent the complexity of the brain protein environment. In this study, we investigated the application of a decellularized adult porcine brain extracellular matrix (B-ECM) which could be processed into a hydrogel (B-ECM hydrogel) to be used as a scaffold for human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived brain organoids. We decellularized pig brains with a novel detergent- and enzyme-based method and analyzed the biomaterial properties, including protein composition and content, DNA content, mechanical characteristics, surface structure, and antigen presence. Then, we compared the growth of human brain organoid models with the B-ECM hydrogel or Matrigel controls in vitro. We found that the native brain source material was successfully decellularized with little remaining DNA content, while Mass Spectrometry (MS) showed the loss of several brain-specific proteins, while mainly different collagen types remained in the B-ECM. Rheological results revealed stable hydrogel formation, starting from B-ECM hydrogel concentrations of 5 mg/mL. hESCs cultured in B-ECM hydrogels showed gene expression and differentiation outcomes similar to those grown in Matrigel. These results indicate that B-ECM hydrogels can be used as an alternative scaffold for human cerebral organoid formation, and may be further optimized for improved organoid growth by further improving protein retention other than collagen after decellularization. ; CC BY 4.0 © 2021 Simsa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. ; European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under the Marie SklodowskaCurie Grant

AbstractPorcine Somatotropin (PST) administered to feeder pigs has been shown to increase feed efficiency, ratio of lean meat to carcass weight, and market weight. Three representative grain‐hog farms in the Midwest were simulated for five years to estimate the economic incentives for adopting PST. Larger‐scale operations garnered greater increases in income from PST adoption than small‐ and medium‐scale operations that adopted PST. Without a carcass merit premium, however, the economic benefits from adoption are merely sufficient to cover the costs of adoption.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an emerging viral disease in swine and considered the single most economically important disease of pigs worldwide, which causes highly contagious severe disease with a spectrum of states ranging from respiratory failure in neonates and nursery pigs to reproductive failure in pregnant gilts and sows. PRRSV is endemic to most swine producing countries and imposes a heavy economic burden due to high mortality associated with the disease. In Chile, the disease was recognized at the beginning of the year 2000, and rapidly a control and eradication program was developed by the government and the private enterprises.Since the recognition of the disease to the present time, innumerable groups of investigators have formed around the world, which has been translated in an immense amount of scientific information. In Chile the research has been focused to characterize the respiratory disease caused by the virus and the mechanisms of transmission and excretion, in order to obtain more data on the pathogenesis of the chilean isolate. In the following article will be presented an updated revision of the main etiological aspects, clinical, pathological, epidemiological and diagnostic tests of the disease. Moreover it will be analyzed the national situation, from the detection of the virus to the control measures and the eradication program taken by the authorities. Finally there are presented the preliminary results from the investigations that are being made with the isolated Chilean of the PRRSV.

L'objectif de cet article est de proposer une vue prospective de la filière porcine française et européenne dans le contexte des réformes de la politique agricole française et européenne, des négociations agricoles multilatérales à l'Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) et de la nécessaire prise en compte des nouvelles attentes des sociétés des pays développés en termes de sécurité et de traçabilité des aliments, de protection des ressources naturelles et de l'environnement, et de diverses considérations morales et éthiques telles que, par exemple, le bien-être animal.

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation ; Government of the United Kingdom

Abstract
Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV2) is the primary agent of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS), and is associated with Porcine Circovirus Associated Disease, which causes great economic losses in pig breeding. PCV2 infection is distributed worldwide throughout the domestic pig population. There have not been any investigations on the distribution of PCV2 sero-prevalence in the population of pigs in Latvia. However PCV2 is one of main differential infections for many diseases, and therefore it is very variable in clinical presentation of PMWS and other diseases associated with PCV2. The objective of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of PCV2 in pigs of different-scale farms located in different regions of Latvia. Blood samples of 963 pigs from 58 different-scale farms were examined for the PCV2 antibody from 2006 to 2016. It can be suggested that PCV2 is widespread within the territory of Latvia. Farms with pig number of up to 10 and farms with more than 5000 animals have different levels of biosafety, housing conditions and herd management. Nevertheless, the study showed that the number of PCV2-seropositive animals is similar in all farms (from 70.0% to 79.7%).