Suchergebnisse

This monograph introduces students and scholars in linguistics, anthropology, and intercultural communication to anthropological linguistics, with a special focus on Africa. Among the topics addressed are semantic fields such as kinship or colour terminology, spatial orientation, linguistic relativity and the link between language and cognition, onomastics, the ethnography of communication, interactional sociolinguistics, emotions, (im)politeness strategies, conversation analysis, and non-verbal communication

Frontmatter -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Introduction / Watts, Richard J. / Ide, Sachiko / Ehlich, Konrad -- Part 1: The Theory and History of Linguistic Politeness -- 1. Intracultural tact versus intercultural tact / Janney, Richard W. / Arndt, Horst -- 2. Linguistic politeness and politic verbal behaviour: Reconsidering claims for universality / Watts, Richard J. -- 3. On the historicity of politeness / Ehlich, Konrad -- 4. Literary texts and diachronic aspects of politeness / Sell, Roger D. -- 5. Politeness in linguistic research / Held, Gudrun -- 6. Traditional and modern views: the social constitution and the power of politeness / Werkhofer, Konrad T. -- Part 2: Empirical Studies in Politeness -- 7. Secondhand politeness / Knapp-Potthoff, Annelie -- 8. Between matter-of-factness and politeness / Stalpers, Judith -- 9. Children's understanding of white lies / Walper, Sabine / Valtin, Renate -- Part 3: Politeness in a Non-Western Cultural Setting -- 10. The metapragmatics of politeness in Israeli society / Blum-Kulka, Shoshana -- 11. The concept of politeness: An empirical study of American English and Japanese / Ide, Sachiko / Hill, Beverly / Carnes, Yukiko M. / Ogino, Tsunao / Kawasaki, Akiko -- 12. Linguistic etiquette in Japanese society / Coulmas, Florian -- 13. Politeness in Thai / Kummer, Manfred -- References -- Author and subject index -- Backmatter

International audience ; This paper focuses on the pragmatic functioning of manipulation, dealing more specifically with its socio-psychological aspects that tend to be overlooked in Critical Discourse Analysis and pragma-cognitive approaches of the phenomenon. After exposing to what extent the study of Manipulative Discourse (MD) has been hampered by traditional philosophy of language and argumentative/persuasion theories predicated on a truth and morality bias, it demonstrates that MD is parasitic on both Grice's (1975, 1989) Cooperative Principle and Brown and Levinson's (1987) politeness strategies, going beyond both frameworks to propose a model of manipulation that puts equal emphasis on Self and Other. In an attempt at theoretically rebalancing the traditional emphasis on the Other's face wants in politeness theory, it brings to light three manipulative tactics – as exploited by some characters in the American political TV series House of Cards – that consist in 1. taking advantage of the victims' emotional vulnerability and/or face needs, 2. consenting to false Self Face-Threatening act (Chen, 2001), and 3. using Self Face-Flattering Acts to 'give a high value' to the Self as an enticing strategy. Among MD resources are impoliteness moves that are paradoxically exploited to 'draw in' the Other, thereby resolving conflict and bridging distance.

International audience ; This paper focuses on the pragmatic functioning of manipulation, dealing more specifically with its socio-psychological aspects that tend to be overlooked in Critical Discourse Analysis and pragma-cognitive approaches of the phenomenon. After exposing to what extent the study of Manipulative Discourse (MD) has been hampered by traditional philosophy of language and argumentative/persuasion theories predicated on a truth and morality bias, it demonstrates that MD is parasitic on both Grice's (1975, 1989) Cooperative Principle and Brown and Levinson's (1987) politeness strategies, going beyond both frameworks to propose a model of manipulation that puts equal emphasis on Self and Other. In an attempt at theoretically rebalancing the traditional emphasis on the Other's face wants in politeness theory, it brings to light three manipulative tactics – as exploited by some characters in the American political TV series House of Cards – that consist in 1. taking advantage of the victims' emotional vulnerability and/or face needs, 2. consenting to false Self Face-Threatening act (Chen, 2001), and 3. using Self Face-Flattering Acts to 'give a high value' to the Self as an enticing strategy. Among MD resources are impoliteness moves that are paradoxically exploited to 'draw in' the Other, thereby resolving conflict and bridging distance.

Abstract Innovations in the Internet that changed from static to user-generated content web pages made social network sites popular. This change in turn attracted the attention of scholars from different fields of human endeavour. This study aimed to make a contribution from linguistics and language study by examining politeness in interactions on a Nigerian social network site, Nairaland. The various threads of interactions posted on the site from 1 - 4 May, 2012, made up the data for the study. The threads were sorted by topic and subjected to pragmatic analysis. Basing its analysis on the theory of politeness and relational work, the study examined how interactants on Nairaland carry out face work and discovered that three types of relational work: politic verbal behaviour, polite verbal behaviour and impolite verbal behaviour were prominent in the interactions of Nigerians who converge on this site. The study found that interactions on Nairaland are characterized by flaming, agonism and mostly impoliteness. These features were traced to the anonymity and the asynchronous nature of Nairaland forum. The study would be of immense benefits to academics in the field of pragmatics, in particular and language study in general. Résumé Les innovations sur l"internet qui sont passées de pages Web statiques à des pages Web de contenu générées par les utilisateurs, ont rendu populaires les sites de réseaux sociaux. De sa part, ce changement a attiré l'attention des chercheurs de différents domaines de l'activité humaine. Cette étude vise à apporter la contribution de la linguistique et l'étude des langues qui évaluent la politesse dans les interactions sur un site de réseau social nigérian, Nairaland. Les différents contenus d'interactions postés sur le site du 1er au 4 mai 2012 ont constitué les données de la présente étude. Les contenus ont été repartis par sujet et soumis à une analyse pragmatique. Basant son analyse sur la théorie de la politesse et du travail relationnel, l'étude a examiné comment les intervenants ...

This book explores the extent to which self-praise is acceptable in both offline and online contexts, across different genres, platforms, and cultural backgrounds. The data analyzed encompass both naturally occurring (daily conversation as well as institutional talk) and elicited (experiments and interviews) types, and are explored at both quantitative and qualitative levels to offer a relatively systematic and comprehensive inquiry into self-praise as social (inter)action. Contributors to this book not only draw on traditional politeness theories but are also informed by social psychology, interactional sociolinguistics, CMC, and (multimodal) discourse analysis. They are inspired by pragmatics but also go beyond to ground their studies within locally situated cultural contexts, most of which are under-presented in the current academic world. Their efforts substantiate the fact that self-praise is most worthy of intensive analytic attention. This book appeals to students and researchers in the field and contributes to the way communication is facilitated through different ways of deploying linguistic and interactional resources.

Intro -- Address Variation in Sociocultural Context -- Editorial page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Table of contents -- Table of contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- 1. Theory behind address practices -- 1.1 Key concepts -- 1.1.1 Image -- 1.1.2 Common ground and closeness -- 1.1.3 Social distance -- 1.1.4 Power -- 1.1.5 Respect -- 1.1.6 Enhancing the interlocutor's image -- 1.1.7 Accommodation principle -- 1.1.8 Cultural context and situational context -- 1.1.9 Community of practice -- 1.2 Common practice -- 1.2.1 Competing practices in interactional contexts

Language is an essential feature of societies, and there are five distinctive language styles which are commonly used in conversations. It is only natural that people switch between these styles, and, as a result, they speak in different styles in different situations. Furthermore, based on distinctive factors influencing people's speech, we tend to employ different degrees of politeness and directness in different situations. This work identifies, analyses, and compares the language styles and degrees of directness and politeness used in the English and Slovak languages by presenters of a number of live television shows. The chosen shows for this book are broadcast live, which means the presenters do not follow a script, and their language is more natural. Moreover, these live shows are broadcast on non-commercial national television networks, which are known for their objectivity and use of standard language. The results of this analysis contribute to sociolinguistic and pragmalinguistic research, not only in Slovakia, but also worldwide.

Drawing on a wide range of empirical data, the volume presents a thorough discussion of impoliteness and power in language. It addresses the enormous imbalance that exists between academic interest in politeness phenomena when compared to impoliteness phenomena, and it offers inspiration for research on impoliteness, conflict and aggression in many different academic fields of enquiry, both within linguistics and beyond.

"All aspects of illness and healthcare are mediated by language: experiences of illness, death and healthcare provision are talked and written about (face-to-face or online), while medical consultations, research interviews, public health communications and even some diagnostic instruments are all inherently linguistic in nature. How we talk to, about and for each other in such a sensitive context has consequences for our relationships, our sense of self, how we understand and reason about our health, as well as for the quality care we receive. Yet, linguistic analysis has been conspicuously absent from the mainstream of medical education, health communication training and even the medical or health humanities. The chapters in this volume bring together applied linguistic work using discourse analysis, corpus methods, conversation analysis, metaphor analysis, cognitive linguistics, multiculturalism research, interactional sociolinguistics, narrative analysis, and (im)politeness to make sense of a variety of international healthcare contexts and situations. These include: -clinician-patient interactions -receptionist-patient interactions -online support forums -online counselling -public health communication -media representations -medical accounts -diagnostic tools and definitions -research interviews with doctors and patients The volume demonstrates how linguistic analysis can not only improve understandings of the lived-experience of different illnesses, but also has implications for communications training, disease prevention, treatment and self-management, the effectiveness of public health messaging, access to appropriate care, professional mobility and professional terminology, among others."--

A study of Thai linguistics works in 2005 shows that most are MA. theses and doctoral dissertations done by Thai students in five universities in Thailand and a few universities in the U.S.. and the UK.. Only three works analyse foreign languages, while the rest investigate the Bangkok Thai dialect. Five main areas are identified: sound and orthography, sociolinguistics, utterance semantics, lexical semantics and syntax-semantic interface. More works focus on the last two areas. With regard to the frameworks used in the analyses, pragmatics, discourse, and speech acts are found most often. Several topics such as village names, politeness, and slang, which have been studied previously, were investigated again in 2005 with different locations or different groups of speakers. Although such investigations may yield additional information on the topics, new questions or new probes into similar data may be preferable.

Intro -- Contents -- Introduction. Inquiries in Philosophical Pragmatics: Linguistic and Theoretical Issues -- References -- Ceteris Paribusiness: On the Power of Salient Exceptions -- Constraints on he/man Language: McConnell-Ginet's Generalization -- Un-accommodation: The Szabó-von Fintel Constraint -- Conditionals: Sobel Sequences and Other Irreversibilia -- Plurals, Bare and Definite: (Non-)Maximality and (Non-)Homogeneity -- Universals, Exceptions, and Domain Adjustment -- Concluding Remarks -- Appendix: Sobel sequences, small screen scenarios, and Sunday sermons -- References -- I like you may actually implicate 'I love you': A reconsideration of some scalar implicatures -- Introduction -- Standard Scalar Implicatures -- What Is a Scalar Implicature? -- Scalar Implicature-Triggering Scales -- Horn scales -- Rank Orders -- Hirschberg Scales -- Computation -- Three Cases of Non-canonical Scalar Implicature -- Chinese: From wo xihuan ni (I Like You) to wo ai ni (I Love You) -- Malagasy: Use of a General Noun for Personal Reference -- Chinese, Japanese, and English: Use of a Semantically Weak Scalar Expression out of Face/Politeness Considerations -- Compliment Responses -- Disapprovals/criticisms -- Announcements of Bad News -- A Novel Neo-Gricean Pragmatic Analysis -- Conclusions -- References -- Pragmatics and Grammar as Sources of Temporal Ordering in Discourse: The Case of And -- Introduction: Anaphoric Tenses, Anaphoric Scenarios -- The Meaning of Sentential And: Pragmatics or Grammar? -- From Implicature to What Is Said (and Back to the Lexicon) -- Coherence-Based Views -- Finding It in the Grammar -- And Enrichment: Finding the Culprit -- And Coordination in the Absence of Simple Past: Vox Populi -- Metafalsification as a Supplementary Method of Inquiry -- Examples: Five Case Studies -- And and the Degree of Eventhood.

Cultural conceptualization of keqi in intercultural communication: A case study of self and addressee references in Mandarin Chinese -- Visual Metaphors in News Cartoons on Targeted Poverty Alleviation -- Language, environment, and cultural conceptualization: serial verbs and plausible events in Tariana from north-west Amazonia -- Pirahã and the language faculty: cultural conceptualizations in the discourses of linguistics -- Narrative Knowledging through 'Words' of Aboriginal Languages: a Cultural Linguistics Approach -- A Cultural Linguistic analysis of eulogistic idioms for soldiers and scholars in Taiwan -- Grief and sadness in Polish and English – cultural cognitive linguistic profiles -- Falling into Sevdah - Cultural Conceptualizations in Bosnian Folk Songs -- Land as kin: Yanyuwa conceptualizations of country -- Maintenance of Identity in an Adopted Language: Development and Use of Aboriginal English -- Cultural Conceptualizations of Power in Serbian and English -- To shave or not to shave? Cultural conceptualizations of hair in Hungarian language and culture. Natural Semantic Metalanguage versus Polish Ethnolinguistics School. A comparative approach to Anna Wierzbicka's and Jerzy Bartmiński's view on linguistic meaning -- Decoding cultural conceptualizations of 'han/hèn' and 'jeong/qíng' in Korean and Chinese -- Swahili pragmatic schemas as reflection of cultural conceptualizations and social values. The Cultural Linguistics perspective on the conceptualization of clothes in English and Italian. Verbal irony: Cultural conceptualizations and their figurative expression -- Japanese English Wordplay Neologisms for Fans' Economic and Emotional Offerings in Live Streamed Broadcasting.Identity Construction in American Presidential Speeches -- CulturalConceptualizationsofAnimalsinAncientPersianLiteratureandMyths -- Learnability of Formulaic Expressions: A Developmental Pragmatic Perspective -- Cultural Conceptualizations of PRIDE in Persian -- Urban Hijazi Kafhala: Saudi Cultural Pragmatic Schema -- ) The conceptualization and Use of Oath in Persian Films and TV Dramas: A Cultural Linguistic Perspective -- Online Input-Providing and Output-Pushing Feedback: Impact on EFL Learners' Acquisition of Politeness Markers -- Metapragmatics of maze (taste) in Persian -- Cultural conceptualizations of filiality in Singapore, Malaysian and Hong Kong Englishes -- Effat and Qeyrat: the study of two emotion schemas from the perspective of Cultural Linguistics -- Investigating Shape-based Categorization and Metaphorical Extensions of Chinese Classifier—A Cultural Linguistic Perspective -- Emotions in crime news -- Preservation of heritage cultures and languages of immigrant communities in Australia -- False Friends-words in Persian & Māzandarāni -- Pain expression: A comparative study of English and Persian -- Time in Persian: Worldview metaphors -- Dissecting the stomach of a crocodile in public: Discourses and counter discourses of contemporary Ghanaian ethos on female sexual behavior -- Language and Thinking -- On the need for an applied science of cognitive linguistics -- SHARMANDEGI - or when Natural Semantic Metalanguage and Cultural Linguistics DO come together -- Cultural Linguistics Online: Exploring the Cultural Categories of a Notorious Online Community -- Cross-linguistic and cross-cultural misunderstandings around the concept of 'hell -- Pragmatics of Cultural Linguistics: Some notes.The scope of a metaphor in historical perspective -- Cultural Linguistics: Some disciplinary and terminological considerations -- Sociocultural Norms and Learners' Cognition: Corrective Feedback on Pronunciation Errors -- Cultural Linguistics in dialogue -- Coding and Culture: Addressing Transcultural Academic Writing -- People as 'open' and 'closed' containers: breaking down cultural conceptualizations in embodied interaction -- Cultural metaphor and inter-cultural identities -- Cultural schemas and the socio-moral order -- Characteristic Cultural Linguistics In Digital Communication -- Metaphor and Culture in Extended Conceptual Metaphor Theory -- Linguistic Form and Text Type -- Communicating through similes in a medical pain culture.