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What should be the politics of Afrocentricity? How should Afrocentrists fight globalization's empire, the continuation of slavery by other means? This article grounds political resistance to empire in an ancient Egyptian philosophy of holism. The article's theme is that four powerful movements are converging on a new philosophy. Paradoxically, this "new" philosophy is prefigured in the oldest recorded philosophy, that of ancient Egypt. The four converging philosophies are Afrocentricity, ecofeminism, deep ecology or radical environmentalism, and Marxism. These movements are contemporary expressions of resistance to centuries if not millennia of violent oppression. The article's aim is to create a synergy among these movements to build a coalition that can challenge empire. The article briefly examines the historical career of holism in the area of ontology before considering expressions of holism in the areas of ethics and politics.

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- 1: Introduction -- References -- 2: Plato and the Uncertain World -- 1 Early Opinion -- 2 Soul as Circular Mover -- 3 Degrees of Truth -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- 3: Saving Magnesia Through Correct Opinion -- 1 Virtue -- 2 Nocturnal Caucus -- 3 Oligarchy -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- 4: Aristotle and the Complexities of Opinion -- 1 Objective vs. Subjective Uncertainty -- 2 Reputable Opinions and Induction -- 3 Reputable Opinions and Pros Hen Analogy -- 4 Deliberation -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- 5: Aristotle's Model Polities -- 1 Questions of Unity, Order, and the Best Regime -- 2 Reputable Opinions and Their Difficulties -- 3 Pros Hen Analogy and the Core Best Regime -- 4 The Best Regime for Most -- 5 The Polarized Polity -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 6: Chrysippus' Uncertain Fools -- 1 Opinion and Knowledge -- 2 Subjective Uncertainty -- Cognitive Impressions -- Assent -- Two Forms of Opinion -- 3 Objective Uncertainty -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- 7: Chrysippus and the Rule of Knowledge -- 1 Virtue and the Good -- 2 The Universal Community of the Wise -- 3 Natural Law and Appropriate Actions -- 4 Conventional Politics -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Conclusion -- Ancient Author Index -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

The paper deals with the historico-philosophical aspects of the conceptual interaction of philosophy and military theory in Ancient Greece and Roman Empire. The correlative links between philosophic theory of cognition, represented in Ancient philosophy and military history of Ancient world are analized. ; В статтi розглядаються iсторико-фiлософськi аспекти концептуальної взаємодiї фiлософiї та вiйськової теорiї в античнiй Грецiї та Римськiй iмперiї. Проаналiзовано корелятивнi зв'язки мiж фiлософською теорiєю пiзнання, представленою в античнiй фiлософiї, та мiлiтарною iсторiєю Давнього свiту.

"This anthology offers a comprehensive historical introduction to the central questions of philosophy of religion. Approximately two-thirds of the selections are from ancient, medieval, and modern sources, helping students to understand and engage the rich traditions of reflection on these timeless questions. The remaining contemporary readings introduce students to the more recent developments in the field. Each of the thematically arranged sections begins with an editor's introduction to clarify the central issues and positions presented in the readings that follow."--Book jacket

En este artículo recuperamos la tradición antigua del cuidado de sí, que asocia a la filosofía con el psicoanálisis, entendido como una cura del alma a través de la palabra, el autoexamen y la relación entre médico- paciente o filósofo-discípulo y de una verdad que necesita de la "conversión" del sujeto. Se recupera para ello la filosofía del Banquete de Platón y La Tranquilidad del Alma de Séneca.

The context in which the ancient Greek Philosophers wrote was characterized by the guiding principle that a position is only as good as the arguments that support it. This principle represents the real and lasting legacy they left to the modern world. What really mattered for the Greeks were the criteria used to determine the sort of life one should live. Their intended aim was to search how to achieve eudaimonia, or human flourishing, by means of arete, or excellence in human conduct, both at the individual and at the socio-political level. This was to become a major theme in the search for the just society conducted by social and political philosophy up to our time. They asked: (1) are State and Society there by Nature or Convention? (2) What is justice and its import on how to govern? (answering this question involves: whether to give persons what they want or what they need; how burdens and benefits of living in a society should be shared; who should make the decisions; and what are the sources of political obligation.) (3) Finally, how to practically implement what the nature of society and justice indicate we should do? (This means providing at least some practical guidance on how to reform politics in order to achieve the common good and construct a just society.) The Sophists seem to have already debated some of these fundamental issues. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle spurred on by the Sophists, but at the same time critical of them, took more convincing, even though not entirely uniform, ethical stands. They have constantly been recognized as genuinely seeking the moral truth, thus setting the beginning of the still ongoing philosophical discussion about the role and ends of government.