Suchergebnisse

The fear of retaliation, retribution and persecution, combined with alleged forcible re-education by the post-war socialist government of Laos have forced half of the 300,000 Hmong of Laos to flee the country since the Secret War ended in 1975. The majority of these Hmong refugees were resettled in the United States. By 2003 they had established a Hmong American community comparable in size with the current Hmong community in Laos. The rest of these Hmong refugees settled in Australia, Argentina, Canada, Germany, France and French Guyana. Their post-war diasporic experience includes forced dispersion to at least two foreign countries, struggling to maintain a collective memory of their homeland, and maintaining a Hmong ethnic consciousness. Some have experienced difficult relationships with host societies, while others have adapted better, and learned to develop a more tolerant attitude toward diversity. Additionally, a small group of the Hmong in the West continues to support the resistance movement in Laos, where Hmong ethnic oppression is still said to exist. This paper is an attempt to explore the Hmong Diaspora in the Post-Secret War Period. It focuses on two communities in 2003: the Hmong in Laos and Hmong Americans.

In 1989 the Polish printing industry ceased to require industrial licensing. The last quarter of a century was a period of reconstruction of the printing industry structure and technological modernization. In the period of transition, Polish enterprises entered with a huge technological gap in relation to European countries. The source of the realized investments was most frequently the purchase new technology materialized in machinery and manufacturing equipment. Such investments created only a temporary competitive advantage in the local market. In fact, they had been present on the European market for over a decade, and increasing demands of the market in comparison to the quality of printing services quickly proved their insignificant value. Furthermore, the purchase of equipment from the secondary market outside of Poland actually built a competitive advantage only on the local market, as in the country of origin it was already being replaced with new technologies that had better parameters.

ABSTRACTThe study aims at the understanding of the change in market structure in Romania after the revolution in 1989. Therefore, the content of the study includes the social, economical, political and cultural situation after December 1989 up to now. The study includes the literature on related issues and a survey on Romanian market conducted in March 1999.This study consists of four chapters along with introduction and conclusion. In introduction, the problems are described in a general framework and the objectives and the importance of the study are outlined. In the first chapter, the situation before the collapse of socialism is described in economical, sociological and political aspects. The needs and the effects of the transition from common market to a market economy are investigated.The second chapter emphasises the importance of the national interest and inquires the present structure of the Romanian market with respect to the national interest.The third chapter is based on the need of Romania's own economic model. It underlines the necessity of a market economy in the country but also speaks about the form of this new economic model. The last chapter is reserved for the survey conducted on 85 respondents in March 1999 in Bucharest, Romania.