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In the 21st century, information is golden. The question is whether in his book entitled Open Source Intelligence Techniques: Resources for Searching and Analyzing Online Information Michael Bazzell teaches us how to get it? This review answers this question by providing an objective overview on the publication. The introduction contains certain biographical information on the author, including information on his experience and its impact on the development of the open-source intelligence (OSINT). Next, the reviewer goes on to describe the solutions that M. Bazzell proposes to his readers, followed by the assessment of the work's goal and reasoning, the author's familiarity with the recent studies in the field, as well as the language of and the logic behind the statements. The review ends with a summary of the strengths and weaknesses of the publication and a clear view on the work.

Objectives: To compare the performance of a range of search facilities; and to illustrate the execution of a comprehensive literature search for qualitative evidence in social work. Context: Developments in literature search methods and comparisons of search facilities help facilitate access to the best available evidence for social workers. Method: The performance of 14 databases and web search engines was appraised, by applying a search formula for articles relating to perpetrators of intimate partner violence and the process of change. Results: Seventy-two out of seventy-eight relevant articles were found on just six of the search facilities used. Social Services Abstracts performed the best. Web search engines did not contribute any unique hits. Conclusion: The need to use a range of databases was confirmed. Databases have performed inconsistently across case studies to date. New approaches to pilot-testing facilities and search terms proved useful. Accessing qualitative evidence to inform practice must become more straightforward.

Newlin offers a thorough guide to accessing and retrieving information from online databases. Categories of databases include subject, reference, source, bibliographic, and full-text. Specific databases are presented in application categories such as business, scientific, news, general, and social science. All major online services are presented. Considerations such as costs, customer support, documentation, hardware and software requirements, and comprehensive listings of what is on each system are also included. Additional features include basic and advanced online searching techniques, document delivery, and how to effectively evaluate and select services and databases.

Anonymity can grant people privacy, safety, and enable rebellion in an oppressive regime. But it can also foster aggression, hate, and undue political upheaval. Drawing on theoretical frameworks from Science and Technology Studies, this research aims to learn how user anonymity granted by specific platform structures and policies influences how users behave either prosocially or antisocially online. To reach this goal, I performed a qualitative content analysis on data sampled from three major platforms with varying levels of user anonymity (Facebook, Reddit, and 4chan), studied each platform's basic structure, content, and privacy policies, and researched government policies and procedures about online anonymity in Canada and abroad. My analysis focused on collecting a sample of one hundred comments from one root post on each platform, and then conducting an inductive content analysis on those data sets. One of this study's primary findings supports existing literature that states that levels of anonymity directly influence user behaviour online, in both prosocial and antisocial ways. Within my research, users of 4chan, the platform design with the highest level of anonymity, produced the highest number of aggression codes and the most severe aggressive behaviour, yet also the least user-directed aggression, the highest number of non-aggression posts (tied), and the most varied non-aggression codes. This finding leads to further speculation that online anonymity can neither be considered helpful or harmful;it is a complex social construct that brings out both the best and the worst of human behaviour.

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to consider the effect of demographic differences on the motivations and abilities of individuals with diabetes in their search for health information online. Using data gathered from a qualitative study of 30 individuals, the paper examined instances of user-based health motivation and abilities using the lens of demographic differences to identify the influence on health information searching and potential health outcomes.


Design/methodology/approach
– The paper utilized an interpretive, mixed methodology research design. The paper was composed of a user "experience" that served as a critical incident to the paper, where each participant was prompted to do online searching for health and nutrition information. This was followed by open-ended interviews to gain a deeper understanding of each participants' online searching experience.


Findings
– The theoretical model used was the Integrated Model of E-Health Use by Dutta-Bergman (2006) which frames the influence of group and individual-level differences on health information search and e-health use and subsequently health outcomes. The paper found that experiences among diabetic patients who have an assumed intrinsic motivation to search have differential searching behaviors due to a number of factors including access to health care provider or resources, searching success, and significant people in the individuals' lives. Assumptions about race and socio-economic status are challenged because of the geographic location in which people live and work.


Research limitations/implications
– This research on intersectionality and the health information consumer contributes to a better understanding of health information searching behavior. Implications from this research for practice are that search technology in the domain of health should be made customizable, that a variety of user perspectives should be incorporated in the e-health systems development process, and that a comprehensive view of the user in system development should be utilized. In addition, those with diabetes or other chronic illnesses should seek out a variety of resources to enhance their health outcomes.


Originality/value
– The examination constitutes one of the few investigations into health information consumer characteristics that might influence the person-technology-information interaction in the context of health care provision. This type of examination into health care consumer characteristics and information behavior is necessary because it has bearing on the success of health care information systems implementation and impact.

By ROBERT L. TSAI

Review of The Constitutional Bind: How Americans Came to Idolize a Document That Fails Them, by Aziz Rana

AbstractWhile research has established that turning to the Internet for information about health matters is increasingly common, we know little about the strategies that people use to access such information and the accuracy of material they consult online. This paper draws on in‐person observations and interviews with a diverse group of 210 young adults about their experiences with looking for emergency contraception (EC) information on the Web. Findings suggest that despite being a highly wired group with much experience using the Internet, many respondents are unable to find accurate information on this important topic. One third of participants were unable to find any relevant information about EC and the majority of the whole group could not identify the most efficient way to acquire EC in a time of need. Results suggest that despite vast amounts of information available online, many people do not have the necessary skills to navigate online content well with policy implications for educating people about informed and efficient Internet uses.

Online probing is an innovative method that has been developed recently. The method has two main goals: Assessing the validity of survey items and uncovering equivalence problems in cross-national surveys. The overarching goal of this dissertation project is to explore the potential of the method of online probing vis-à-vis cognitive interviewing and measurement invariance tests, two methods that share similar goals than online probing, and to evaluate the potential of online probing as an assessment tool of single-item indicators in cross-national research. The research field of national identity serves as a substantive application for this dissertation.

Summary: A useful book for those who want a comprehensive overview of the currently available information services in the United States. It would be a good idea to peruse this book before signing up for any major service like DIALOG, BRS, DOW JONES, THE SOURCE or COMPUSERVE. Only a few chapters contain material likely to be of central concern to social scientists. Because of its relatively low cost and breadth of coverage, it is a good buy for almost any information services user.