Suchergebnisse

With the failure of Arab Spring in many countries in the Middle East which has resulted in the forming of rebel government and Islamic based terrorism groups , Middle East has been a complex region which has experienced massive proxy wars . Saudi Arabia and Iran the two powerful countries who are also engaged in proxy war against each other by supporting opposing sides , The Syrian crisis is an ongoing war which has crossed a decade and which has killed millions of people . Middle East because of its vast oil reserves and geographical location has been a region of global attraction. It exports more than 60% of the oil to the world , and is dependent on only one commodity for their economy . With the world shifting towards electrification and adoption renewable source of energy , resulting in economic crisis for the Middle East countries , which will accompanied by Civil wars which the Arab countries will hit against each other . However countries like Dubai , Saudi Arabia and Bahrain are working on alternative source of economy development , which has been a success , Either the Middle East countries have to find other sectors for their investment and economic growth or starve to death by indulging in civic wars like Syria .

The 2006 discovery of oil reserves beneath Lake Albert on the border between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda has spawned both tension and attempts at cooperative development. History demonstrates that the process of exploiting natural resources is almost inevitably interwoven with violations of the human rights of local populations. This Note catalogs the possible human rights violations that can occur with the development of a natural resource such as oil, and discusses the growing pattern and practice of using human rights-based planning in international development agreements. The author proposes that incorporating human rights-based planning into the development agreement between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda may help to prevent violations of the recognized rights of the population in the Lake Albert region.

The issues of improving the efficiency of processing the results of studies of the filtration properties of reservoirs within the oil and gas producing areas of the central part of the West Siberian oil and gas province are considered. The high degree of development of the hydrocarbon resources of the studied territory is characterized by the presence of long-term developed deposits, which determines the solution of tasks aimed at increasing the success of the search for complex deep-lying reservoirs, the efficiency of their exploration and additional exploration, since the overlying productive horizons are practically developed. This task is one of the most important at the current stage of field development in this region, in the context of falling oil production at the main large fields, and has no unambiguous solution.This article covers the issues of reservoir modeling using new scientific and methodological approaches to the processing of geophysical data and the possibility of using modern software products when grouping development objects according to criteria corresponding to a reservoir of a certain lithotype. This approach allowed us to build high-quality geological models and justify the use of the most effective complex of geophysical studies for modeling low-amplitude (no more than 15 m) and small-sized (less than 20 km2) oil deposits. In the course of research: The results of the reservoir filtration properties were processed; low-amplitude and small-size sediments of channel sediments (river valleys) were established; the industrial oil and gas content of complex sediments characterized by low-amplitude and small-size sediments (Tyumen formation, object Ю2) was proved; The interpretation of geophysical studies of wells was carried out, the results were compared with the energy characteristics of the reflected waves (seismic studies), zones saturated with water-oil-gas fluid were established (3D models were built), and the possibility of using this technique for identifying and mapping complex deep oil deposits was shown.

Prema analiziranim podatcima rezervi i pridobivanja nafte u svijetu 1995., 2005. i 2015. godine zabilježen je globalni porast rezervi nafte koje 1995. godine iznose 179,1 × 10^9 m3, 2005. godine 218,5 × 10^9 m3, a 2015. godine 269,9 × 10^9 m3. Prema podatcima koje donosi British Petroleum pridobivanje nafte jednako tako raste u razmatranome razdoblju, ali s manjom stopom porasta. Tako pridobivanje nafte u svijetu 1995. iznosi 10,8 × 10^9 m3, 2005. godine 13 × 10^9 m3, a 2015. godine 14,6 ×10^9 m3. Kretanje cijena nafte analizirano je u razdoblju od 1980. do 2015. godine. Mnogo različitih uzroka utječe na konstantne promjene cijena nafte, ali najutjecajniji čimbenici jesu geopolitičke krize u zemljama Srednjega istoka, velik porast potražnje za naftom i ekspanzija potrošnje u državama s velikim brojem stanovnika poput Kine, Indije i Brazila koja nije praćena odgovarajućim porastom ponude. Suvremeni politički odnosi puni su sukoba, što uvelike utječe na cijene nafte, a najbolji su primjer za to kratkotrajni porast cijena nafte 2011. godine, kada su u Libiji, koja u ukupnome svjetskom pridobivanju sudjeluje s 0,5%, započele oružane aktivnosti, ili onemogućavanje pridobivanja u državama poput Sirije i Jemena koje u 2015. godini jedva bilježe pridobivene količine. Usporedbom podataka o rezervama, pridobivanju te kretanju cijena nafte razvidno je da je gotovo svaki porast pridobivanja nafte, kasnije bivao popraćen padom cijena. ; According to analysed oil reserves and oil production worldwide during 1995, 2005 and 2015, a global increase in oil re- serves is observed. In 1995, there were 179.1 × 10^9 m3, in 2005 there were 218.5 × 10^9 m3 and in 2015 there were 269.9 × 10^9 m3 oil reserves. According to British Petroleum data, oil production is also increasing, but by a smaller ratio. Oil production in the world in 1995 was 10.8 × 10^9 m3, in 2005 it was 13.0 × 10^9 m3, and in 2015 14.6 × 10^9 m3. Oil price trends between 1980 and 2015 were analysed. Many different causes affect the constant oil price fluctuations, but the most influential are the geopolitical crises of the Middle Eastern countries, as well as a great increase in demand for oil and the expansion of the consumption of wealthy countries such as China, India and Brazil, which was not accompanied by a corresponding increase in supply. Modern political relations are full of conflicts, which greatly affect oil prices, and the best example is the short-term rise in oil prices in 2011, when armed conflicts started in Libya, or disablement of production in countries such as Syria and Yemen, which in 2015 can barely capture any production. By comparing reserves, earnings and oil price fluctuations, it is apparent that almost every increase in oil production, after the discovery of oil deposits, was later accompanied by a fall in prices.