Suchergebnisse

The effect of increasing oil incomes on oil exporter countries is the main issues of political economy. Generally and especially about Iran can be recognized this effect in the government spending method, economic structure and behavior of government within the country. Since oil incomes aren't result of the performance of economic activities, consequently increasing does not show the real economic prosperity. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between oil exports and economic growth in Iran. The data were collected from 1961-2006 and were analyzed using Cointegration, Error Correction Model, and VEC Granger causality/Wald Exogeniety model. The result of the analyses showed that there was significant relationship between oil incomes and economic growth. It showed that increasing in oil price rate lead to increasing in the government costs consequently it affect on the exchange rate and lead to increasing in real exchange rate. Therefore oil incomes are regarded as an important factor in Iran's economic growth.

In spite of the country's export activities constantly increase every year, based on the latest report Indonesia still sits at number 28th in the world's top export countries, consider Indonesia as one of the most populated nations and its rich natural resources. There is so much research in the literature about this issue, but to the author's knowledge, there is still a lack of studies that analyze the performance of non-oil export comparative advantage between provinces in Indonesia instead of between its commodities. The purpose of this research is (1st) to compare non-oil exports comparative advantage between 34 provinces in Indonesia and (2nd) to prove the effect of chosen factors which are a foreign direct investment, local direct investment, inflation, interest rate, exchange rate, population, labor, minimum wage, education, income disparity, regional GDP, government expenditure, and GDP of importing country toward provinces comparative advantage of non-oil export. This research using provinces panel data years 2010-2019. The method of this study is Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index and Trade Balance Index (TBI) to unveil non-oil export comparative advantage between 34 provinces in Indonesia and panel data regression to estimate the impact of determinant factors. The result of comparative advantage index estimation shows that 24 provinces have a comparative advantage based on the RCA index approach and 32 provinces have a comparative advantage based on the TBI approach on non-oil export activities year 2010-2019. The result of panel data regression found that 9 out of 13 determinant variables had a significant effect on the RCA index namely foreign direct investment, local direct investment, exchange rate, population, labor, minimum wage, income disparity, regional GDP, and government expenditure. Then 6 out of 13 determinant variables had a significant effect on TBI which are a local direct investment, interest rate, exchange rate, education, income disparity, and regional GDP.

Despite the great interest shown by the Algerian government to develop the export-oriented economic sector outside of hydrocarbons, it is still completely unable to break free from slavery to the rentier economy that depends on one or two products. Though the economic policies and programs adopted in the last decade to enhance competitiveness in order to advance development that depends on export diversification, the initiatives of the Algerian legislator and decision-maker still lack the seriousness and strategic planning that sees with exporting producer eye rather than the importing owner eye. Within this framework, we try in this study to analyze and evaluate the strategy of export diversification to get rid of rentier dependency and come up with practical proposals and realistic solutions and point out the challenges and obstacles that may face the Algerian economy.

This study aims to examine the competitiveness of Indonesian CCO in destination countries and examine what factors influence the competitiveness of Indonesian CCO in destination countries. The analytical methods used in this research were RCA, EPD, and panel data regression analysis. The time period used in this research was 1996 to 2017. The results of the study concluded that Indonesian CCO had competitiveness in the United States, the Netherlands, Malaysia, China, and Singapore. RCA index in each destination country showed that Indonesian CCO had a very strong comparative advantage. The EPD analysis showed that Indonesian CCO was in a rising star position in the Netherlands, Malaysia, China, and Singapore, while in the United States market Indonesian CCO was in a falling star position. The export volume of Indonesian CCO had positive effect, while trade openness of importing countries and export value of Philippines CCO had negative effect on the competitiveness of Indonesian CCO. The government and CCO exporters need to lobby the destination countries to import CCO from Indonesia, and to convince the destination countries, the quality of the CCO needs to be improved, so that Indonesian CCO will become more competitive than others.

AbstractObjectiveI argue that an autocracy's oil export discourages democracies from employing foreign policies fostering democracy in the autocracy because three characteristics of oil trade—the importance of oil as a primary energy source, the international oil market's exporter‐favored structure, and the price inelasticity of supply of and demand for petroleum—increase costs of such policies. Thus, an autocracy's oil export hinders democratization by reducing both domestic and external democratizing pressures.MethodsTo measure the effect of oil export on direct external democratizing pressures, I gather the dyad‐level oil trade ties using numerous oil trade datasets, and calculate each state's oil export leverage using closeness centrality in weighted networks. Using this measure, I test the effect of oil export on the likelihood of democratization.ResultsEmpirical results support that as an autocracy's oil export leverage increases, the autocracy's
likelihood of democratization should decrease.

Dedication -- AGRO-BASED ALTERNATIVES TO PETROLEUM ECONOMY -- TRANSFORMING WASTE TO WEALTH: GMELINA ARBOREA FRUIT-PULPPOTENTIALS FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION AS BIOFUEL RESOURCE -- BIOFUEL TECHNOLOGY AND ITS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INNIGERIA -- THE POTENTIALS OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION AS A FUEL FOR DIESELENGINES IN NIGERIA. -- THE POTENTIAL OF PRODUCING FUEL FROM BIOMASS IN NIGERIA -- DETERMINATION OF BIODIESEL BLENDS SUITABLE FOR AUTOMOBILEENGINES FROM AFRICAN STAR APPLE SEED (CHRYSOPHYLLUM ALBIDIUM)OIL (ASASO) -- TECHNOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINABLEJATROPHA BIOFUEL PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA -- DESIGN OF A LABORATORY SCALE BIOMASS GASIFIER -- ESTIMATION OF BIOMASS POTENTIAL FOR SOLVING ENERGY PROBLEM INNIGERIA -- PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS FROM SELECTED CROPS AND ANIMAL RESIDUESIN NIGERIA -- ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGES OF HARNESSING BIOGAS FOR NATIONALDEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA -- STARVING PEOPLE TO FEED CARS? ANALYSING THE CONFLICTSBETWEEN GREEN POLITICS AND FOOD SECURITY -- BIOFUEL PRODUCTION: WHAT IMPLICATIONS FOR (AGRICULTURALPRODUCITON) AND FOOD SECURITY IN NIGERIA -- BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM BREWERY WASTE-SPENT GRAINS -- THE PYROLYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES FOR SUSTAINABLEENERGY SUPPLY IN NIGERIA -- PRODUCTION OF PARTICLE BOARD FROM SAWDUST AS AN ALTERNATIVETO SAWDUST INCINERATION -- PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES AND FOODSCRAPS FOR ENERGY GENERATION IN NIGERIA -- POTENTIALS OF BIOGAS FROM AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES AS A SOURCEOF ENERGY -- APPLICATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES AS PHARMACEUTICALEXCIPIENTS -- KINETICS AND EQUILIBRIUM STUDIES OF THE REMOVAL OF CADMIUMFROM SIMULATED WASTEWATER USING A NOVEL ADSORBENT PREPAREDFROM MELON HUSK -- PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIALINVESTIGATION OF PLANTS (IRAWO-ILE) MITRACARPUS VILLOSUS,EUPHORBIA HIRTA AND SPERMACOCE OCYMOIDES