Suchergebnisse

This book uses the metaphor "The economy is society's metabolism" as a springboard to develop a rigorous theoretical framework for a better system of national accounts which goes "Beyond GDP" and is relevant to the age of resource depletion. Society is entering a new era in which biophysical limits related to natural resource extraction rates and the biosphere's waste assimilation capacity are becoming binding constraints on mature economies. Unfortunately, the data needed for policy-makers to understand and manage economic growth in this new era are not universally available. All stakeholders need a new way to understand our economy in the context of the biosphere's ability to provide essential natural capital, and we suggest that detailed information about materials, energy, embodied energy, and energy intensity should be routinely gathered, analyzed, and disseminated from a centralized location to provide markets and policymakers with a more comprehensive understanding of the biophysical economy. However, a firm theoretical foundation is needed before proceeding along this new path, which this book is intended to provide. After arguing that the stock of manufactured capital is an important driver of material and energy demands imposed upon the biosphere, a new accounting framework is derived from the laws of thermodynamics to reflect the fact that material and embodied energy accumulate within the capital stock of economic sectors. This framework extends the Energy Input-Output (EI-O) techniques first developed by Bullard, Herendeen, and others to estimate energy intensity of economic products. Implications from the new framework are discussed, including the value of economic metrics for policy-making, the need for physically-based rather than product-based EI-O formulations, a re-assessment of the concept of economic "growth," and an

This article uses the welfare foundations for the usual net domestic product (NDP) income measure of the traditional National Accounts System (NAS) provided by Weitzman (1976, 2000), and the propositions of Hartwick (1993) and Hamilton (1994a) to correct this measure in order to obtain a green (sustainable) measure of economic income. It estimates green measures of the economic income of Chile's mining sector for the period 1977–1996. Different methodologies regarding the valuation of mining resources are employed, and exploration expenditures in the mining sector are included to empirically estimate the green measures of income. The results clearly show that the usual income measures of the traditional NAS overestimated the economic income generated by the Chilean mining sector during the period by 20–40 per cent, and its rate of growth by 3–20 per cent. Moreover, this overestimation has increased in recent years. These empirical results are remarkably similar when different methodologies are used to calculate green measures of the mining sector's economic income. The empirical evidence produced in this work, together with the one provided by other studies, leads to the conclusion that Chile's outstanding recent economic growth has not delivered the amount of economic income recorded by its NAS, since a significant part of it corresponded to depreciation of the country's natural capital.

Since the accounting regulations complying with the European directives approved by Order No. 1.802 / 2014 of the Minister of Public Finance, effective from 1 January 2015, make significant changes and additions compared to the old provisions (OMFP No. 3.055 / 2009, as amended and supplemented), we consider it necessary to present some regulations that have been amended or supplemented with appropriate annotations, modifying regulatory acts that may be useful to many entities and individuals applying these regulations as compared to those that have already implemented IFRS.

Partindo das diferenças mais relevantes entre a Contabilidade Pública (CP) – perspectiva microeconómica – e a Contabilidade Nacional (CN) – perspectiva macroeconómica –, este artigo analisa os principais ajustamentos realizados em Portugal, na conversão dos dados do sector das Administrações Públicas, das Contas Públicas para as Contas Nacionais. Adicionalmente, avalia o impacto desses ajustamentos no défice da Administração Central, a maior parcela do défice público português. Seguindo uma metodologia essencialmente qualitativa, o estudo empírico baseia-se em entrevistas realizadas junto dos responsáveis pela preparação das Contas Nacionais e em diversas fontes documentais. O objectivo é validar os ajustamentos identificados como mais significativos na passagem da CP para a CN e, ao mesmo tempo, avaliar o respectivo impacto nos dados notificados no âmbito do Procedimento relativo aos Défices Excessivos. Usaram-se dados da notificação de Abril de 2008, cobrindo o período compreendido entre 2004 e 2007. Os principais resultados indicam que as diferenças de base contabilística são as mais relevantes e que os ajustamentos subsequentes têm um impacto significativo no défice da Administração Central portuguesa. Assim, esta investigação aponta para a necessidade de maior convergência entre os dois sistemas (CP e CN), nomeadamente quanto aos critérios de reconhecimento das transacções, por forma a ser adoptada uma base contabilística comum, e para um sistema informativo completo e coerente na CP. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Determined to banish the ravages of the Depression, win the war, and build a better post-war world, Canadian academics and mandarins applied the ideas of Keynes and Kuznets to the Canadian predicament - a highly regionalized nation interested in building a society that harnessed both the private and public sector to the goal of economic stability and increased national wealth. Today, Canadians know that they can trust the numbers put before them by their national accountants, numbers that support the working culture of our economic citizenship.

The transnationalization and digitization of economic activity has undermined the quality of official economic statistics, which still center on national territories and material production. Why do we not witness more vigorous efforts to bring statistical standards in line with present-day economic realities, or admissions that precision in economic data has become increasingly illusive? The paradoxical answer, we argue, lies in the norms underpinning global statistical practice. Users expect statistics to draw on unambiguous sources, to allow for comparison over time and across countries, and they prize coherence—both internally and with holistic macroeconomic models. Yet as we show, the ambition of the transnational statistical community to meet these norms has in fact undermined the ability of economic data to represent economic life more faithfully. We base our findings on interviews with two dozen leading statisticians at international economic organizations, archival research at the International Monetary Fund and a thorough review of debates among statistical experts.