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Prototype Unit of Emergency Housing (PUEH) is the result of the Applied Research Project VEM (Military Emergency Housing) developed in collaboration with Escuela Politécnica Superior (Universidad CEU) and the company Air-bus Defense & Space. It is designed as a modular and industrialized unit of basic habitability, with programmed and expandable growth, designed to provide shelter and protection in environments of humanitarian crises or contingencies of social vulnerability in order to ensure sustainable habitat for emergencies.The influence of the construction processes and materials involved in the manufacture of this PUEH have on the environment, analyzed using the methodology of life-cycle assessment (LCA), considered especially critical recycling the mate-rials used. Thus, in order to reduce the environmental impact environmental, each of the component parts of the developed prototype unit are quantified, evaluating the benefits resulting from the methodology DfMA (Design for Manufacturing and Assembly). ; La Unidad Prototipo de Vivienda de Emergencia (UPVE) es el resultado del Proyecto de Investigación Aplicada VEM (Vivienda de Emergencia Militar) desarrollado con la colaboración de la Escuela Politécnica Superior de la Universidad CEU y la empresa Airbus Defense & Space. Es concebido como una unidad modular e industrializable de habitabilidad básica, de crecimiento programado y extensible, diseñada para proporcionar refugio y protección en entornos de crisis humanitaria o en contingencias de vulnerabilidad social con el fin de asegurar un hábitat sostenible de emergencia.La influencia que los procesos de construcción y materiales involucrados en la fabricación de dicha UPVE tienen en el medio ambiente, analizados mediante la metodología de Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV), consideran especialmente crítico el reciclado de los materiales utilizados. Así, con el objetivo de analizar y disminuir el impacto medioambiental, se cuantifican cada una de las partes que componen la Unidad Prototipo ...

Intro -- Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics 2019 -- Preface -- Contents -- Building and Architecture -- Building as a Primary Means of Preventative Care. Postulate of Certification of Buildings Intended for Use by the Elderly in Multi-family Housing and Collective Housing -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Highlights of Modern House Design for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities -- 3 Genesis of the Concept: Assessment Tools and Certifications -- 4 Environment Assessment Tool for Longevity (EATL) Philosophy -- 5 Environment Assessment Tool for Longevity (EATL) Objectives -- 6 EATL Research Methods -- 7 EATL Questionnaires -- 8 Case Studies -- 9 Conclusions -- References -- T-House in Shaping Sustainable Housing -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 T-House and Idea of the Modular Building -- 3 Urban Arrangements -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Ergonomics for Children -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Purpose of the Article -- 2 Discussion -- 2.1 Types of Children Parks and Playgrounds -- 2.2 Diversity and Activity -- 3 Safety -- 3.1 Equipment and Flooring -- 3.2 Safety - Structural and Material Solutions -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Reconstruction with a Change of Function - Ergonomics of the Hotel Environment -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Purpose of the Article -- 1.2 Scope and Method for the Research -- 2 Discussion -- 2.1 Case Studies -- 2.2 Development Possibilities -- 3 Conclusions -- References -- T-House. Shaping Ergonomic and Flexible Interiors in Modular Form Connected to Horticultural Therapy Zone -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 T-House and Architectural Idea of the Modular Building -- 3 Ergonomic and Flexible Interiors -- 4 Horticultural Therapy Zone -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Ergonomics of Sound in a Hotel Environment -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Aim and Scope -- 1.2 Definitions.

For decades Lima has dealt with the problem of informal housing. "Barriadas" and self-construction emerged as a natural response to the problem of housing deficit in the city caused by mass migration from rural areas. Selfconstruction has been the only way for migrants to insert themselves in the city and be in charge of their progress. But, it also brought numerous difficulties for both the selfbuilders and the government. This final master's work proposes a solution as a modular construction system to simplify and ease the selfconstruction process, making it safer but at the same time keeping the self-constructor in charge of it. To carry out this work, a circular methodology was used that began with a research phase in which user information, references and context were gathered to be later analyzed and generate ideas, prototype them and, after trial and error, generate a final design. The final result of the project helps us to have an overview of the operation of a modular system applied to the reality and context studied. ; Por décadas Lima ha lidiado con el problema de la vivienda informal. Las barriadas y la autoconstrucción surgieron como una respuesta natural al problema del déficit de vivienda en la ciudad causada por la migración masiva desde el ámbito rural. La autoconstrucción ha sido la única forma para los migrantes de insertarse en la ciudad y estar a cargo de su progreso. Pero, también ha traido numerosas dificultades tanto para el autoconstructor como para el gobierno. El presente trabajo de fin de master propone una solución a manera de sistema de construcción modular para simplificar y aliviar el proceso de autoconstrucción haciendolo más seguro pero al mismo tiempo manteniendo al autoconstructor a cargo de él. Para la realización de este trabajo se usó una metodología circular que inició con una fase de investigación en la que se reunió información de usuario, referencias y contexto para luego analizarla y generar ideas, prototiparlas y , tras prueba y error, generar un diseño final. El resultado final del proyecto nos ayuda a tener una visión general del funcionamiento de un sistema modular aplicado a la realidad y contexto estudiados.

The issues of economic development in conditions of high risks are becoming highly relevant. Modern trends in the development of the construction industry, as a multiplier of the economic development of the state, form a new system of requirements for the management of operational processes and strategic vectors of the construction industry, both at the macroeconomic level and at the level of individual regional systems and individual enterprises. The trend in the development of society and their influence on the formation of trends in the construction industry were analyzed in the article, taking into account their significant impact on the formation of risk management mechanisms for construction projects. Technologization processes were identified among the main trends in the development of the economy. They directly affect not only the operational work on the implementation of the construction project, but also form the need for personnel of appropriate qualifications, a decrease in the need for labor and an increase in the need for highly qualified specialists with the skills of working in the information technology system and automated construction management systems. The technology of commissioning modular housing, its advantages and disadvantages is considered in detail. The development of green construction is highlighted as a separate trend, which is an important factor in sustainable development and ensuring the competitiveness of construction enterprises. A new trend in the development of regional construction systems has been identified, namely, entry into the traditionally segmented regional markets of foreign investment construction companies, which create additional competitive factors for domestic enterprises. Accordingly, according to certain trends, risk systems were formulated, which are relatively new for the construction market, respectively, an analysis of the mechanisms for their minimization and avoidance was developed. The article analyzes the risks of the construction sector in accordance with the analysis of trends and tendencies in the development of the construction industry. For each block of risk elements, possible forms of response and warning have been identified. According to the analysis, recommendations are given for managing the risks of construction companies. The analyzed risks are considered from the point of view of the formation of mechanisms of state regulatory policy in order to form an effective construction system at the state and regional levels.

I propose to develop a new methodology on housing fabrication and community development and engagement in the region of northern Baja to be achieved through material sourcing and fabrication, localized infrastructure, and larger scale infrastructure throughout the border region of Mexico and California. This will be done at three scales: Macro-scale, studying ecologies, climate, and political landscapes; Meso-scale, studying infrastructure, resources, population density, and agriculture; Micro-scale, studying familial types, dwelling infrastructure and the cultural community. The Human dwelling will be the amalgamation of this border redevelopment, as refuse material from the US can be augmented to produce climactically appropriate materials for this region. The thesis speculates on these materials being processed in localized facilities to promote cross border comradery and bring financial stability to border settlements in Mexico. The uses for these materials will aid in the construction of necessary dwelling for families of workers on both sides of the newly formed border country. The development of these homes will be made more obtainable through a comprehensive kit of parts and a modular interchangeable system that allows for family growth/downsizing and mobility if climactic threat such as fires infringe on settlements.

Este trabajo ha sido posible con el apoyo de la Associació de Promotors de Catalunya (APCE) y la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC). La vivienda plurifamiliar industrializada sufrió un gran rechazo social y político en el siglo XX. Consecuentemente, se crearon estigmas peyorativos que desincentivaron el desarrollo de estos modelos de edificación. Sin embargo, a finales del mismo siglo e inicios del nuevo milenio, a través de nuevos estudios científicos que documentaron la importancia de hacer un frente conjunto al cambio climático, se volvería a exigir una evolución a través de la industrialización en el sector de la construcción. Por lo anterior, el objetivo principal de la investigación es el análisis crítico de las ventajas y desventajas que tienen los proyectos industrializados sostenibles. El estudio se desarrolla de forma metodológica en cuatro fases: la primera es una fase bibliográfica que analiza la conexión entre la sostenibilidad y la industrialización. La segunda fase de procesos documenta varias metodologías que pueden ayudar a que la industrialización sea sostenible. Una tercera fase social analiza la relación entre sociedad, normativa y sostenibilidad. Finalmente, la cuarta fase de análisis se centra en el estudio de casos sostenibles de vivienda plurifamiliar industrializada y su relación con la certificación LEED. Enfatizando, en qué puntos de los establecidos por LEED pueden ser alcanzados fácilmente mediante procesos industrializados, incentivando con esto la implementación de dichos sistemas y la obtención de certificaciones ambientales. La evolución del sector hacia una mayor mecanización de las tareas posibilita que mujeres, hombres, y personas con diferentes capacidades accedan y ejecuten las mismas actividades con igualdad de derechos y oportunidades, lo que representa una oportunidad de inclusión y equidad en la sociedad. ; This work has been possible with the support of the Association of Promoters of Catalunya (APCE) and the Polytechnic University of Catalunya (UPC). Industrialized collective housing suffered great social and political rejection in the 20th century. Consequently, pejorative stigmas were created that discouraged the development of these building models. However, at the end of the same century and the beginning of the new millennium, through new scientific studies that documented the importance of making a joint face to climate change, an evolution through industrialization in the construction sector would be required again. Therefore, the main objective of the research is the critical analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of sustainable industrialized projects. This study is developed methodologically in four phases: the first is a bibliographic phase that analyzes the connection between sustainability and industrialization. The second phase of processes documents various methodologies that may help to make industrialization sustainable. A third social phase analyzes the relationship between society, regulations and sustainability. Finally, the fourth phase of analysis focuses on the study of sustainable cases of industrialized collective housing and its relationship with the LEED certification. Emphasizing, in which points of those established by LEED can be easily reached through industrialized processes, thereby encouraging the implementation of said systems and obtaining environmental certifications. The evolution of the sector towards greater mechanization of tasks enables women, men, and people with different abilities to access and carry out the same activities with equal rights and opportunities, which represents an opportunity for inclusion and equity in society.

The abstract, white architecture of the inter-war British avant garde comes to a decisive end with the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939. As a result the postwar period emerges somewhat divided as to what should become the new architecture of the moment with which to accommodate the needs and express the values of a newly progressive society. Although the allocation of certain stylistic tropes to different, socio-cultural situations was not so categorical as in the pre-war totalitarian societies, there were nonetheless comparable semantic inflections in British architecture over the twenty-year period which followed the end of the war. This is perhaps first evident in the prefabricated, lightweight modular building systems adopted for both emergency housing and school building; respectibely, for the accommodation of the bombed out population in the first instance and for the production of some 2500 schools in the second, most of which were built over the fifteen years between 1945 and 1960 as a consequence of the Education Act, put in place by the socialist government in 1946. Emergency housing needs were met by the minimalist, single story, prefabricated Portal house which was extensively built on vacant sites in major cities after the end of the war. The equally modular, prefabricated school system developed by the Ministry of Education came into being initially through the architect's department of the Hertfordshire County Council, under the direction of C. H. Aslin. In both instances what one effectively encountered was a lightweight, steel panel system, bereft of any recognizable iconography apart from the fact the internal walls of the schools were finished in primary colors and were furnished with stackable Scandinavian wood and metal furniture plus indoor plants; the whole often being set in diminutive picturesque landscape. ; En el acto de entrega de la primera edición (2012) del Premio Javier Carvajal el profesor Frampton pronunció una conferencia cuyo contenido fue editado para la ocasión y que se reproduce a continuación.

This paper seeks to capture and analyze the recent growth in industrialized construction in North America from new and existing companies. The concepts and technologies of industrialized construction (IC) - such as prefabrication, preassembly, modular, offsite, and volumetric construction - are relatively well-established. However, the sudden attraction of large-scale investments for entrepreneurial firms adopting these strategies is unprecedented in the AEC sector. The causes of this interest are varied and outside of the scope of this paper. Instead, , this paper provides an overview for the current status and potential future of practitioners in this space. To do so, we compare the orientations of industrialized construction firms in the United States across a broad spectrum of categories comprising target markets, business models, and basic strategic details. This white paper reports on high level trends for industrialized construction spreading across the AEC sector in the United States. Specifically, we find nine distinct trends evident in the data across the last two decades: 1. IC companies are growing in number 2. IC is attracting investor funding 3. IC companies emerge from different origins 4. California is leading the United States market 5. The majority of the companies are building volumetric modular 6. Structural system type correlates with building height; mid- and low-rise leads the market 7. IC companies are vertically and horizontally integrated 8. Most IC companies are targeting housing 9. The affordable housing market is active despite a lack of investment Overall, we find that industrialized construction companies are generating the investment, strategic variety, capacity, and ambition to be worthy of serious attention across the AEC sector. The white paper concludes with future opportunities and strategies yet to be taken that may be important in achieving meaningful differentiation. These include the role of city governments, investment in operations and maintenance, the use of factory automation, and possibilities for more business integration. As old and new firms expand, business models mature, and effective technologies are implemented, more in-depth research can build upon this white paper to yield additional insights and trends for industrialized construction in the United States.

This section of the book The Application of Computer Techniques and Modelling in Architectural Design introduces the architecture student to uses of graph theory in modelling and manipulating the functional structures of dwelling plans. It demonstrates the use of mathematical and computing techniques for the following purposes: (a) to exhaustively generate permutations of plan elements; (b) to optimise the plan parameters of individual apartments, of standard clusters of the apartments, and of whole buildings and housing developments, in relation to different economic objectives or to the demographic mix required; and (c) to reconcile spatially ideal plans with the constraints of standard constructional systems or with the requirements of modular coordination. It discusses certain approaches to systematic site planning (including some Western examples), and problems of establishing optimal selections of external walling panels for particular housing schemes. Extensive appendices to the book as a whole give the student an "introduction to the elements of modern applied mathematics and computer programming" that includes matrices and determinants; linear, nonlinear, discrete, whole-number, stochastic, and dynamic programming; elements of graph theory; basic concepts of probability theory and mathematical statistics; and basic principles of computer programming, including machine codes, machine-oriented languages, and problem-oriented languages, with considerable attention to the details of ALGOL, FORTRAN-4 and some of the principles of COBOL.

Monitoring chemical reactions is the key to chemical process control. Today, mainly optical online methods are applied. NMR spectroscopy has a high potential for direct loop process control. Compact NMR instruments based on permanent magnets are robust and inexpensive analysers, which feature advantages like low maintenance, ease of use, and cryogen-free operation. Instruments for online NMR measurements equipped with a flow-through cell, possessing a good signal-to-noise-ratio, robustness, and meeting the requirements for integration into industrial plants (i.e., explosion safety and fully automated data analysis) are currently not available off the rack. Intensified continuous processes are in focus of current research. Flexible (modular) chemical plants can produce different products using the same equipment with short down-times between campaigns and quick introduction of new products to the market. In continuous flow processes online sensor data and tight closed-loop control of the product quality are mandatory. Otherwise there is a huge risk of producing large amounts of out-of-spec (OOS) products. This is addressed in the European Union's Research Project CONSENS by development and integration of smart sensor modules for process monitoring and control within such modular plant setups. The presented NMR module is provided in an explosion proof housing with a module size of 57 x 57 x 85 cm and involves a compact 43.5 MHz NMR spectrometer together with an acquisition unit and a programmable logic controller for automated data preparation (phasing, baseline correction) and evaluation. Indirect Hard Modeling (IHM) was selected for data analysis of the low-field NMR spectra. A set-up for monitoring continuous reactions in a thermostated 1/8" tubular reactor using automated syringe pumps was used to validate the IHM models by using high-field NMR spectroscopy as analytical reference method.

Monitoring chemical reactions is the key to chemical process control. Today, mainly optical online methods are applied. NMR spectroscopy has a high potential for direct loop process control. Compact NMR instruments based on permanent magnets are robust and inexpensive analysers, which feature advantages like low maintenance, ease of use, and cryogen-free operation. Instruments for online NMR measurements equipped with a flow-through cell, possessing a good signal-to-noise-ratio, robustness, and meeting the requirements for integration into industrial plants (i.e., explosion safety and fully automated data analysis) are currently not available off the rack. Intensified continuous processes are in focus of current research. Flexible (modular) chemical plants can produce different products using the same equipment with short down-times between campaigns and quick introduction of new products to the market. In continuous flow processes online sensor data and tight closed-loop control of the product quality are mandatory. Otherwise there is a huge risk of producing large amounts of out-of-spec (OOS) products. This is addressed in the European Union's Research Project CONSENS by development and integration of smart sensor modules for process monitoring and control within such modular plant setups. The presented NMR module is provided in an explosion proof housing with a module size of 57 x 57 x 85 cm and involves a compact 43.5 MHz NMR spectrometer together with an acquisition unit and a programmable logic controller for automated data preparation (phasing, baseline correction) and evaluation. Indirect Hard Modeling (IHM) was selected for data analysis of the low-field NMR spectra. A set-up for monitoring continuous reactions in a thermostated 1/8" tubular reactor using automated syringe pumps was used to validate the IHM models by using high-field NMR spectroscopy as analytical reference method.

Monitoring chemical reactions is the key to chemical process control. Today, mainly optical online methods are applied. NMR spectroscopy has a high potential for direct loop process control. Compact NMR instruments based on permanent magnets are robust and inexpensive analysers, which feature advantages like low maintenance, ease of use, and cryogen-free operation. Instruments for online NMR measurements equipped with a flow-through cell, possessing a good signal-to-noise-ratio, robustness, and meeting the requirements for integration into industrial plants (i.e., explosion safety and fully automated data analysis) are currently not available off the rack. Intensified continuous processes are in focus of current research. Flexible (modular) chemical plants can produce different products using the same equipment with short down-times between campaigns and quick introduction of new products to the market. In continuous flow processes online sensor data and tight closed-loop control of the product quality are mandatory. Otherwise there is a huge risk of producing large amounts of out-of-spec (OOS) products. This is addressed in the European Union's Research Project CONSENS by development and integration of smart sensor modules for process monitoring and control within such modular plant setups. The presented NMR module is provided in an explosion proof housing with a module size of 57 x 57 x 85 cm and involves a compact 43.5 MHz NMR spectrometer together with an acquisition unit and a programmable logic controller for automated data preparation (phasing, baseline correction) and evaluation. Indirect Hard Modeling (IHM) was selected for data analysis of the low-field NMR spectra. A set-up for monitoring continuous reactions in a thermostated 1/8" tubular reactor using automated syringe pumps was used to validate the IHM models by using high-field NMR spectroscopy as analytical reference method.

Cover -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments by Bob McQueen -- Acknowledgments by Ammar Safi -- Acknowledgments by Shafia Alkheyaili -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Informational Objectives -- 1.2 Introduction -- 1.3 What Is Smart Mobility? -- 1.4 The Smart Mobility Revolution -- 1.5 Smart Mobility Versus Smart Cities -- 1.6 Informational Objectives of This Chapter -- 1.7 Background -- 1.8 Why This Subject and Why Now? -- 1.9 Intended Readership for the Book -- 1.9.1 Public Sector -- 1.9.2 Private Sector -- 1.9.3 Academia -- 1.10 Book Overview -- 1.10.1 Chapter 1: Introduction (Current Chapter) -- 1.10.2 Chapter 2: Smart Cities Overview -- 1.10.3 Chapter 3: Smart Mobility: A Problem Statement -- 1.10.4 Chapter 4: The Values and Benefits of Smart Mobility -- 1.10.5 Chapter 5: Smart Mobility Progress Around the World -- 1.10.6 Chapter 6: Planning for Smart Mobility -- 1.10.7 Chapter 7: The Essential Elements of Smart Mobility -- 1.10.8 Chapter 8: Smart Mobility Technologies -- 1.10.9 Chapter 9: Smart Mobility Opportunities and Challenges -- 1.10.10 Chapter 10: A Framework for Smart Mobility Success -- 1.10.11 Chapter 11: Smart Mobility Performance Management -- 1.10.12 Chapter 12: Mobility for People -- 1.10.13 Chapter 13: Smart Mobility Policy and Strategy -- 1.10.14 Chapter 14: Smart Mobility Organization -- 1.10.15 Chapter 15: Smart Mobility Operational Management -- 1.10.16 Chapter 16: Summary and Conclusions -- Reference -- Chapter 2 Smart Cities Overview -- 2.1 Learning Objectives -- 2.2 Introduction -- 2.3 Smart City Services -- 2.4 Affordable Housing -- 2.4.1 Modular Construction -- 2.4.2 3D Printing -- 2.4.3 Housing Management Software -- 2.5 Air Quality -- 2.5.1 Air Quality Sensors on Streetlights -- 2.5.2 Citizen and Visitor Information -- 2.5.3 Spatial Planning.

The site known as Lipnica is a segregated Roma settlement built on the edge of a municipal landfill in the district town of Turčany, central Slovakia (fictitious names have been used for the site and the town). The settlement emerged as a result of processes rooted in neoliberal economic restructuring, accompanied by a sharp rise in unemployment in the 1990s. The settlement was originally built to provide temporary housing for those who were in arrears for rent in municipal flats, and originally consisted of one apartment building and several modular cabins. In the following years it expanded, and today it is an ethnic quasi-ghetto for approximately 400 Roma inhabitants. From a theoretical perspective, an analysis of the Lipnica settlement is situated at the intersection of critical race theory and environmental justice theory. In this article, we describe the trajectory leading to the formation of the settlement and analyse how the impoverishment of the Roma, coupled with the construction of the community as 'maladjusted' anti-social others, facilitated their spatial exclusion. We conclude that the case demythologises culturising explanations for the emergence of Roma settlements, by using empirical data to show how Lipnica developed as a result of intentional discriminatory policies of the local ruling class used against an ethnic minority.

This manual, supported by the School of the Built Environment at Copperbelt University and the Institute for Housing and Urban Development Studies, The Netherlands, aims to bring together various aspects of Public Finance covered in the various workshops and seminars conducted by SINPA. It is intended that the Copperbelt University will use the manual as part of the requisite training material for accredited training in Public Finance, a branch of financial management now not seriously covered by local training institutions. This is important as current financial management training available in Zambia is commercial. The training therefore provides a bridge for professionals trained in commercial financial management into the public finance area. As the manual is in modular form, some concepts may be covered, to different degree in more than one module. Module one is a must read for all persons identified as target groups. The initial phases of the programme have been developed over the past three years in the context of SINPA Zambia, a Netherlands Government supported programme and in close cooperation of the Kitwe City Council which has been the focus of the SINPA Zambia programme. A number of pilot training courses have been undertaken with Kitwe City Council in the development of this programme.