Suchergebnisse

Abstract: This dissertation investigates the effectiveness of the education system in terms of early labor market entry and mobility in Germany. Chapters B, C, and D evaluate career guidance in the form of Additional Career Assistance (ACA) for students of Lower Track Secondary Schools (LTSS) using self-collected survey and administrative data (2007-2013) in a quasi-experimental control group design. In detail, the development of occupational knowledge during school atendance (Chapter B), the effect of ACA on educational outcomes Chapter C), and the effect of ACA on the transition to apprenticeship training after leaving LTSS (Chapter D) are analysed. In addition, Chapter E analyses the effect of mobility across firms and occupations among graduates from apprenticeship training, which refers to the second threshold. Each chapter of this dissertation consists of a separate study, where the Chapters B, C, and D use self-collected and a portion of additional administrative data. The last chapter uses high-quality administrative data provided by the Institute for Employment Research. To identify the effects of interest, advanced microeconometric methods are used

Using data from the Australian Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey (2001–2020), we examine how combined patterns of non-standard employment and underemployment in the early career shape later wage trajectories, paying careful attention to gender differences on a representative sample of Australian young men ( N = 470) and women ( N = 497). By combining multichannel sequence analysis and random effects panel models, we make three central findings. First, we identify seven distinct early employment trajectories, with the "standard" career, characterized by stable, full-time permanent jobs in the first 5 years post-education, being the most prevalent. Second, we find that combined patterns of non-standard employment and underemployment during early careers are associated with significant wage penalties. However, these wage penalties diminish within 10 years. Third, enduring and widening wage disparities are found only among youth primarily unemployed or inactive early in their careers. These penalties are particularly pronounced among men, underscoring the influence of the "ideal" worker norm. Overall, integrating underemployed jobseekers into the workforce and addressing gender-based biases should be a priority for policymakers to ensure equal opportunities and fair treatment for all workers in the labor market.

"Our empirical study will use data from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS). By comparing 40 annual birth cohorts, we shall investigate the development of gender differences in education at the time of labor market entry as well as the development of horizontal gender differences and vertical gender inequalities in the first job. We shall pay particular attention to whether and how far horizontal gender differences (i.e. gender-specific patterns in terms of occupational field and employment sector) contribute to the emergence of vertical gender inequalities in the first job. Additionally, we shall study whether gender differences and inequalities vary across different educational groups. Hence, our analyses will provide an in-depth study of trends in gender differences within education and at labor market entry in West Germany.; In this chapter, we proceed as follows: First, we describe the German institutional setting and its influence on how gendered careers are shaped. After presenting our data, variables and methods, we introduce the results of our analyses and then conclude with a summary and discussion of our findings." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

"The aim of this paper is to study the consequences of increased labor market flexibility for young people at the beginning of their careers in the Netherlands since the mid-1980s. The emphasis is on school-leavers, since labor market entrants without any work experience are especially confronted with flexible employment in the competition for available jobs with those who have already gained a position in the labor market. The phase of labor market entry is investigated in terms of (permanent) employment opportunities and quality of work. Early career development is studied in terms of job loss and occupational status mobility. The OSA Labor Supply Panel is used for the empirical analysis. On the basis of this panel study, school-leavers have been selected who left daytime education in the period 1986-2002. The results indicate that in the Netherlands since the mid-1980s, labor market flexibility has been a successful weapon for combating youth unemployment in the sense that the opportunities for school-leavers to find a job have improved considerably, but - at the same time - it has resulted in a higher risk of having a job with a fixed-term contract, where the likelihood of overeducation and job loss is higher." (author's abstract)

Shortened school duration, postsecondary education, labor market entry. - Schulzeitverkürzung, nachschulische Bildung, Berufseinstieg