Suchergebnisse

Een van de meest uitdagende en fascinerende vraagstukken in de analyse van geografische data zijn onderlinge samenhangen. Dit proefschrift ontwikkelt en past methoden toe die rekening houden met deze samenhangen tussen ruimtelijke eenheden en probeert ze vervolgens ook te verklaren. Als eerste stap wordt een dynamisch en ruimtelijk panel data model gebruikt om de regionale arbeidsmarktdynamiek in de Europese Unie te analyseren. De kracht van dit model ligt in het kunnen kwantificeren en kunnen aantonen van significante spillover effecten. Gemeten in termen van werkloosheid en participatie, geeft een regio-specifieke vraagschok geeft niet alleen een positieve impuls aan de arbeidsmarkt in de eigen regio, maar ook aan die in buurregio's. Hierop voortbouwend worden de determinanten van de participatiegraad in de EU onderzocht. Dit is niet alleen van belang omdat ze sterk tussen de regio's en over de tijd variëren, maar ook omdat het ontmoedigingseffect dat uitgaat van de oplopende werkloosheid door de recente economische crisis een vertekend beeld geeft van het arbeidsmarktpotentieel in een regio. De resultaten van deze analyse tonen aan dat er sprake is van lokale spillover effecten richting buurregio's, maar niet van globale spillover effecten die overslaan naar een geheel land of zelfs de gehele EU. Een derde belangrijke bijdrage is de ontwikkeling van een simultaan model dat drie empirische wetmatigheden aangaande werkloosheid in een regio verklaren: de regionale werkloosheid is sterk gecorreleerd met die in het verleden, volgt de nationale trend en hangt samen met die in buurregio's. Deze simultane aanpak voorkomt een vertekening van de resultaten die optreedt als deze wetmatigheden los van elkaar geanalyseerd worden, zoals in voorgaande onderzoekingen. Tenslotte wordt, in antwoord op recente kritiek op ruimtelijke econometrie, een modelaanpak ontwikkeld die flexibeler is in het bepalen en schatten van spillover effecten en waarvan in alle drie hierboven genoemde onderzoekingen dankbaar gebruik wordt gemaakt. ; One of the most challenging and fascinating issues faced when analyzing spatial data is the often complex dependencies present between units. This thesis applies and contributes to developments in methods that allow for and explain these dependencies. In particular, a dynamic spatial panel data approach is taken to examine regional labor market dynamics in the European Union. A major strength of this approach is that it provides a useful tool to quantify the magnitude and significance of spillover effects. It is shown that a region-specific demand shock not only beneficially impacts the own region's labor market, lowering unemployment and raising participation rates, but that the shock is also transmitted to neighboring regions. Furthermore, it is investigated in more detail the causes of variation in participation rates across the EU regions, which has become ever more pertinent due to the prevalence of discouragement effects in the wake of the recent crisis. The results reveal strong evidence for local spillovers, but only weak evidence for global spillovers in explaining participation rates. In addition, a simultaneous modeling approach accounting for key stylized facts observed in regional unemployment rates is proposed which integrates serial dynamics, weak and strong cross-sectional dependence, which generalizes previous sequential approaches that can lead to biased results. Finally, in a contribution to recent critiques on spatial econometric methods, fundamental questions are raised on estimating spillovers and recommendations are offered to introduce more flexibility.

The book presents a disequilibrium approach to employment, inflation and growth in modern macroeconomics. It integrates markets of products and money, and labor markets into a consistent macrodynamic framework which contains a complete set of agents and markets. The framework allows to establish and evaluate links to other approaches to macroeconomic analysis, in particular Walrasian, Non-Walrasian and New-Keynesian as well as to modern macroeconometric model building. Important issues such as endogenous growth, labor market dynamics and state or history dependent unemployment, Phillips curves, monetary policy rules and debt deflation are also discussed. The book is a useful reference for all researchers, academic teachers and practitioners of macroeconomic and macroeconometric model building who are interested in macroeconomic dynamics, independently of whether they use equilibrium or disequilibrium methods in their own work

Emerging economies have high shares of self-employed individuals running owner-only firms who, in contrast to many salaried firms, have little access to formal financing and therefore rely on informal financing (input credit) from other firms. We build a small open economy real business cycle model with labor and financial market frictions where formal credit markets, informal credit, and the structure of the labor market interact. The model successfully replicates the cyclical behavior of sectoral employment, formal credit, and the main macroeconomic aggregates in emerging economies. We show

We extend the endogenous growth model of Kung and Schmid (2015) by adding endogenous labor dynamics and two variants of wage rigidities. This leads to an increase of 250-350 basis points in the risk premia, depending on the model specification. Additionally, it brings labor market quantities much closer to their empirical counterparts. In particular, wage rigidities generate an increase of around 60-250 basis points in labor growth volatility, which depends on how wage rigidities are modeled. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Counting Process Approach to the Statistical Analysis of Labour Force Dynamics -- Simultaneous Equations with Endogenous Hazards -- The Distribution of Single-spell Duration Data -- Steady States as Natural Rates in a Dynamic Discrete Choice Model of Labor Supply -- Choice or Chance? A Structural Interpretation of Individual Labor Market Histories -- A Survival Analysis of Adult Male Black/White Labor Market Flows -- Wages and Turnover: A Parametrization of the Job-Matching Model -- A Dynamic Model of Labor Management -- Labor Market Policies and Differential Patterns of Unemployment in Sweden -- Household Labor Supply with Quantity Constraints -- Job Mobility and Wage Growth: A Study of Selection Rules and Rewards -- Employment-Related Classifications in a Register Based Statistical System -- A Danish Longitudinal Data Base.