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This article describes a pedagogical technique that has been used successfully for more than 35 years in business education, primarily as a capstone experience in MBA and Executive MBA programs: the live in-class CEO intervention method. This method consists of a CEO bringing to the classroom a strategic issue that she or he is currently struggling with and addressing it real time with a team of students. The technique is most effective when used alongside a strategic framework of the instructor's choice. The authors have used the method with an organization development and change framework that is described and that provides a blueprint for the student team to address in real time the CEO's strategic issue through a question-and-answer format. The ensuing dialogue and analysis become a living example for the benefit of the whole class of how the CEO thinks and makes decisions. The authors describe the live intervention method in detail, examine process considerations, and discuss its advantages and limitations. They argue that the resulting active participation in the CEO's thought process as she or he seeks to solve a significant problem, that is, the opportunity to "see the wheels turning" and follow all streams of thought (including those with a dead-end), is helpful in the development of a leadership skill-set. The authors further argue that a by-product of participation in several of these interventions is an expanded ability to engage in systemic thinking and bridge theory and application in an open way. The authors also report anecdotal evidence that both students and CEOs who have gone through this process have benefited substantially.

Reflection empowers practicing managers to learn from their exposure to experiences in business organizations, and reflective learning is a powerful tool to apply in the classroom to train competent managers. Through reflection, managers and students can learn how to learn from their experiences. This article proposes using a pedagogical approach based on a double-loop peer presentation feedback cycle in multi-stage team projects focusing on complex and ill-defined managerial challenges to cultivate reflective learning in the management classroom. We suggest adopting a semester-long team project with several work-in-progress presentations to incorporate reflection practices in the course design. We introduce a comprehensive process using an online application suite to deploy the double-loop peer presentation feedback approach in class. In the first loop, students in the audience provide feedback to the presenting team after each presentation. For the second loop, the presenting team rates the feedback received to stimulate individual and group reflection. We illustrate the use of this double-loop feedback process in three different undergraduate management courses and offer empirical evidence that the approach may improve reflective learning outcomes.

This article describes the "Cross-cultural Assignment," an experiential learning technique for students of business that deepens self-awareness of their own attitudes toward different cultures and develops international managerial skills. The technique consists of pairing up small teams of U.S.-based business students with small teams of international students from the same country, who are not yet completely fluent in English, to form augmented teams that then need to execute tasks and produce several end-products. This pedagogical method has been used successfully in recent years in international management and international business courses for both lower-classman and upper-classman undergraduate business students and for students in graduate MBA programs. The article positions the technique within the literature on experiential learning and cultural differences, describes the methodology in detail, offers several examples of its use, and discusses the benefits and challenges observed in its implementation.

A administração pública gerencial, adotada no Brasil na década de 1990, aliada ao neoliberalismo, resultou em avanços insuficientes das políticas socioeconômicas e em centralismo decisório sobre a vida pública. Por isto, reacenderam-se discussões sobre um modelo ideal de administração, que se traduziram em experiências como as dos conselhos gestores de políticas públicas, com intuito de delinear um desenho institucional de partilha de poder assente na administração societal. Entretanto, dada a continuidade dos pressupostos gerenciais no país, faz-se pertinente analisar se tais conselhos têm se efetivado como práticas da administração societal. Por meio de uma pesquisa descritiva e bibliográfica, levantou-se que tais colegiados, enquanto compostos pelas disfunções apresentadas, servem mais como instrumento de gerencialismo do que como consolidação do modelo societal. Por isso, aponta-se que as disfunções dos conselhos gestores podem ser solucionadas sob a luz da burocracia weberiana e da cidadania republicana para se consolidarem como modelo de administração societal.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the propensity for innovation and co-creation in service companies in receipt of knowledge intensive business services (KIBS) type services through their intensive incorporation of knowledge.


Design/methodology/approach
In order to achieve this study objective, the authors first carried out a literature review in order to specify the scope of the construct; second, the authors applied a survey based on the "Spinner model"; third, the authors undertook research on KIBS clients and restricted the results to this population sample; and fourth, based on the validated and applied models deriving from the base construct, the authors presented the results obtained.


Findings
This concludes that the "Spinner" model is valid for explaining the propensity for innovation and co-creation in companies receiving KIBS. The results demonstrate evidence of innovation processes as a result of the intensive application of knowledge associated with co-creation and knowledge transfers.


Research limitations/implications
This provides managers with a better understanding of the barriers that may obstruct the implementation of co-creation and knowledge transfers. Hence, the variables analysed may guide managers in defining and planning innovation strategies. Furthermore, this enables each company receiving such services to validate them and establish indices for the innovation propensity of specialist (knowledge intensive) service providers within the framework of benchmarking exercises.


Originality/value
This study sets out a new means of analysing the propensity for innovation and the co-creation of knowledge by companies making recourse to knowledge intensive services. From the theoretical point of view, this defines a new construct and a means of classification for companies supplying services designed for their propensity for innovation and co-creation. From the practical perspective, this study provides the companies subject to research with the opportunity to perceive their respective position in relation to other companies. In addition to this, ranking companies in such a way may drive the need to develop new knowledge for future co-creation and innovation processes.

Os Planos Nacionais de Turismo (PNT) constituem documentos importantes para uma melhor compreensão das representações e dos significados sociais do rural e do turismo rural em Portugal. O presente artigo, procurando debater estas questões, tem por base a análise de conteúdo detalhada dos PNT ao longo dos últimos 30 anos, designadamente, os PNT dos períodos de 1985-1988 e 1989-1992 e o Plano Estratégico Nacional do Turismo (PENT) dos períodos de 2007-2010 e 2011-2015. A análise de conteúdo efetuada teve como suporte uma grelha de análise exaustiva, contendo múltiplas categorias (e valores correspondentes) identificadas a partir da revisão da literatura nacional e internacional sobre o mundo rural, as suas representações e significados, assim como sobre o turismo rural e as políticas e estratégias implementadas no âmbito da União Europeia (UE) e aplicadas em Portugal. A escolha deste período temporal toma como referência a data do primeiro PNT (1985) e da entrada de Portugal na Comunidade Económica Europeia (CEE) (1986). Da análise de conteúdo, identificámos as principais definições, características e produtos de Turismo em Espaço Rural (TER) associadas a cada um dos PNT, permitindo agrupar um conjunto de imagens e representações do rural e do TER.

In Rio de Janeiro from the first decades of the 20th century, technologies and new economic and symbolic functions of images and products mark the birth of media culture with an intense flow of typographic and visual information. Literary chronicles regist new ways to see and narrate the city, from the dialogue with the images that alter the structure of the perception of the subjects. Taking the chronicles of João do Rio, Olavo Bilac, Benjamin Costallat and Lima Barreto as reference, the article analyzes the impact of the cinema, the press and the magazine's showcases on the production of new sociabilities and sensibilities in the urban space. For the approach on what was agreed to call Belle Époque we consider as a time frame the period 1890-1920 and will be used, in reflection, concepts of W. Benjamin, Friedrich Kittler, Georg.Simmel, Jonathan Crary and Jean-Yves Mollier.

The chapter aims to examine which types of knowledge are included in the regulation processes of sex education policies in Portuguese schools, the way they combine thmeselves and how they are used. The pourpose is to highlight the main organizational modalities of relationships between knowledge and policy, as well as the meanings (cognitions, values, and norms) that go together with them - what the authors call 'configuration of the relationships between policy and knowledge' ; União Europeia - developed within the 6th Framework Programme for Research - Citizens and governance in a knowledge-based society. Acessível em: www.knowandpol.eu ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

O objetivo deste trabalho é de analisar as tendências das inovações na gestão pública baseadas no Concurso Inovação na Gestão Pública Federal, entre os anos de 1996 a 2014. O estudo é do tipo qualitativo-descritivo e levantou 351 ações premiadas, nas 19 edições coletadas no site da Escola Nacional de Administração Pública (Enap). Os casos foram analisados de acordo com as dimensões: tipos de inovação, classificação da inovação, áreas de ação, áreas de abrangência e áreas temáticas. Dentre os principais resultados, aponta-se que: a maioria das experiências premiadas trata de inovações incrementais e são implementadas na área de melhoria de processos de trabalho; e, a Enap cumpre o seu objetivo de incentivar e sugerir inovações no setor público, com base na participação em várias áreas tais como, planejamento, educação e saúde, de abrangência nacional, regional e local e, na qualidade das iniciativas inovadoras premiadas.

This study addresses the historical trajectory of karate, particularly in relation to the processes that favored its inclusion as one of the five modalities that will debut at the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan. The literature review was the methodology used in this research. Several attempts and efforts were identified to enable karate to join as a sport in the Olympic Games. It was concluded that the agents (federation leaders, presidents, coaches and athletes), along with institutions (clubs, companies, government, among others) were involved in a process that aimed to meet the requirements of the International Olympic Committee. Thus, it is possible to observe various transformations in the development of this modality that gave shape to what karate has today, which has made it a rookie modality being conditioned by market interests.

We examined the within-player correlation between external training load (ETL) and perceptual responses to training in a professional male football team (n = 13 outfield players) over an eight-week competitive period. ETL was collected using 10-Hz GPS, whereas perceptual responses were accessed through rating of perceived exertion (RPE) questionnaires. Moderate-speed running (MSR), high-speed running (HSR) and sprinting were defined using arbitrary (fixed) and individualised speed zones (based on maximal aerobic speed and maximal sprinting speed). When ETL was expressed as actual distance covered within the training session, perceptual responses were moderately correlated to MSR and HSR quantified using the arbitrary method (p < 0.05; r = 0.53 to 0.59). However, the magnitude of correlations tended to increase when the individualised method was used (p < 0.05; r = 0.58 to 0.67). Distance covered by sprinting was moderately correlated to perceptual responses only when the individualised method was used (p < 0.05; 0.55 [0.05; 0.83] and 0.53 [0.02; 0.82]). Perceptual responses were largely correlated to the sum of distance covered within all three speed running zones, irrespective of the quantification method (p < 0.05; r = 0.58 to 0.68). When ETL was expressed as percentage of total distance covered within the training session, no significant correlations were observed (p > 0.05). Perceptual responses to training load seem to be better associated with ETL, when the latter is adjusted to individual fitness capacities. Moreover, reporting ETL as actual values of distance covered within the training session instead of percentual values inform better about players' perceptual responses to training load.