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Deaf history is more complex and ambiguous than previous studies have indicated, and historians' preoccupation with the manual-oral controversy has precluded a full understanding of deaf people's lives. The historical interests and organized efforts of the Pennsylvania Society for the Advancement of the Deaf (PSAD) transcended language issues and focused on balancing the risks and the benefits of deaf self-determination. One hundred years ago, PSAD's leaders concentrated their efforts on philanthropy and lobbying for the general good of deaf Pennsylvanians, while remaining silent on controversies over deaf education. In effect, they accepted oralism and hearing hegemony in education in exchange for deaf autonomy and improvement in other areas of life. If the PSAD's experience is typical of other state organizations, simple historical models that focus on the actions of hearing oppressors obscure the actual creativity, struggles, and sophistication of America's deaf leaders.

Cover; Here or There; Series Page; >Title Page; Copyright; Contents; Part 1. Overview of Interpreting via Video Link; Introduction; Interpreting via Video Link: Mapping of the Field; Part 2. Insights into Interpreting via Video Link; The Irrational Component in the Rational System: Interpreters Talk about Their Motivation to Work in Video Relay Services; Don't Leave Me Hanging on the Telephone: Telework, Professional Isolation, and the Work of Video Remote British Sign Language/ English Interpreters; "The Work and Skills": A Profile of First-Generation Video Remote Interpreters

1. Common ethical theories and approaches -- 2. What is a profession? -- 3. The profession of interpreting and translating -- 4. Professional ethics -- 5. Professional ethics for police interpreters and translators -- 6. Compliance with codes of ethics : a wicked problem -- 7. Epilogue.

With the danger of a nuclear holocaust growing and psycho-logic (Osgood) as part of structural violence preparing this suicidal folly, the situation of (critical) peace research in the Federal Republic of Germany is precarious. It is not being taken seriously by the dominant strata of society and it is unknown to the masses. Groten/Jansen see 'skilled workers' acting as interpreters to communicate the findings of critical peace research to those most affected by structural violence, the masses. In the framework of a nationwide nongovernmental network of women and men of good will it is hoped to inform the democratic masses and thus create lobbies who support those politicians who care about positive peace.

During the appliance of social-educational measurements on teenager lawbreakers, it is essential to be able to evaluate their evolution and personal development. For a positive follow-up it is necessary the involvement of these adolescents, their family and the team of the unit that attend them. On that purpose these actors should be able to communicate extensively among themselves. This is mainly due to the fact that it is necessary to identify the circumstances that led the teenager to commit the infraction. Based on this knowledge, the guidelines and interventions can be planned to lead the teenager to reflect about his/her actions. In Brazil, the legislation advocates the rights and duties for adolescents and defines Communication as the way that the Brazilian citizens interact with each other, whether through the use of languages, including sign language, and/or other forms (eg. Braille, signaling system or tactile communication). The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of the use of sign language and interpreters when attending deaf teenager lawbreakers or those in which parents or legal guardians are deaf in order to allow the safe and successful return of these teenagers back to the society.