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The Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization met in Montreal from May 22 to June 1, 1951 to consider items which needed to be completed before the opening of the fifth session of the ICAO Assembly on June 5, 1951. Annex 14 of the Convention Standards and Recommended Practices for Aerodromes as adopted differed in some respects from that submitted by the Air Navigation Division; the major change was the elimination of recommendations concerning the application and characteristics of the approach lighting system, Type B (high intensity). Unless a majority of the contracting states disapproved the Annex was to become effective on November 1, 1951 and to be implemented on June 1, 1952 in the case of airdromes used by international air services and on January 1, 1954 of other airdromes used by aircraft engaged in international air navigation. Sixteen amendments to Annex 3 of the Convention — Standards and Recommended Practices for Meteorological Codes — were adopted on the recommendation of the Meteorology Division. They were to become effective on October 1, 1951, and to be implemented on January 1, 1952. Action was also taken on the recommendations of the Committee on Performance of the Air and Operations Division. Report of the Air Navigation Division on its review of the implementation of regional plans in North America, South Pacific, South Atlantic, South American, and African-Indian Ocean Regions were approved. It was noted that in the first two regions there were no deficits in air navigation facilities and services which would seriously affect safety, efficiency or regularity of service.

CouncilThe 23d meeting of the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) opened in Montreal on September 28, 1954. Questions of air navigation occupied the most prominent place on the Council's agenda, which approved and communicated to ICAO members the proposals of the Air Navigation Commission for action on the recommendations of the Special Middle East Communications Meeting and of the fourth session of the Meteorological Division. Amendments were made to the regional supplementary procedures, to the Caribbean-South American-South Atlantic aeromobile frequency plan and to the rules of the air and air traffic control plan for the South American-South Atlantic region. In addition, the Council elected the membership of the Finance Committee and Committee on Joint Support of Air Navigation Services for the subsequent twelve months, gave preliminary consideration to the action to be taken on the resolution of the eighth session of the ICAO Assembly concerning the number and length of sessions and working methods of the Council, Air Navigation Commission and Air Transport Committee, decided to convene the fourth session of the Facilitation Division in the Philippines in the autumn of 1955, decided to convene a meeting of medical experts on hearing and visual requirements at Paris in April 1955 and decided, in principle, that ICAO should proceed to construct, in conjunction with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and on land leased to UNESCO by the French government, accommodations to meet the space requirements of its Paris office.

The 40th session of the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) consisted of twelve meetings held on April 27 and May 24 and between June 6 and 22, 1960. The Council examined the secretariat's draft of the preliminary study on supersonic aircraft and decided that the study should be issued on the responsibility of the ICAO Secretary-General, with suggestions made by representatives to the Council to be taken into account. The Council considered the reports of a working group on an investigation of major deficiencies in air navigation facilities and services on the main international air routes through Southeast Asia and the Pacific, Southeast Europe and the Middle East, and the Caribbean and south America. As recommended by the group, it approved for further investigation the following problems: 1) the lack of adequate flight testing of radio-navigation aids in all these areas; 2) the shortage of trained personnel in Iran, Iraq, and Turkey, and 3) the lack of proper transmitting and receiving facilities in Burma. The Council further decided that the machinery for promoting the implementation of regional plans should take the form of a standing group with a permanent membership of five—the President of the Council (chairman), the President of the Air Navigation Commission, and the chairmen of the Air Transport, Joint Support, and Finance Committees—and a floating membership to be selected on anad hocbasis by the President of the Council to act when needed after secretariat efforts had failed in the implementation of regional plans.

The 30th session of the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) took place in Montreal from January 28 to April 18, 1957. In its consideration of the problems of air navigation, the Council, upon a recommendation of the Third Air Navigation Conference as endorsed by the Air Navigation Commission, approved the establishment of an Airworthiness Committee and noted the proposal of the Air Navigation Commission for its work program. The Council also agreed that the Air Navigation Commission should on its own authority take action on the provisional AMC's (Acceptable Means of Compliance) prepared by the Airworthiness Committee. A report by the Air Navigation Commission on signals to be used when an aircraft has infringed on restricted airspace was endorsed by the Council, which decided that a paper on the legal aspects of the question should be prepared as soon as practicable. In accordance with a resolution of the tenth session of the Assembly, the Council approved the establishment of a panel of statistical experts nominated by the following countries: Australia, Canada, Egypt, France, Italy, Lebanon, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In the legal field, the Council accepted the invitation of the Japanese government to hold the eleventh session of the Legal Committee in Tokyo in September 1957 and referred a report by the Air Transport Committee on the economic aspects of the liability limits on the proposed Convention on Aerial Collisions to the Legal Committee.

The 39th session of the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) extended from January 27 to April 14, 1960, during which time the Council considered several questions on air navigation, air transport, and technical assistance, as well as administrative and legal matters. In the field of air navigation, the two subjects that aroused the most interest were Amendment 35 to Annex 10 (Aeronautical Telecommunications), proposing new specifications for distance-measuring equipment, and the Secretariat's reports on investigations of major deficiencies in air navigation facilities and services on the main international air routes. After a debate in which the United States, the Netherlands, and the Federal Republic of Germany strongly supported the aforementioned amendment, with Australia, Canada, the Union of South Africa, and the United Kingdom opposing it, the following were adopted, to be approved or rejected by member states by September 1, 1960: 1) the new Standard making VOR (omnidirectional radio range) the standard aid for air traffic control and other operational purposes en route as well as in terminal areas; 2) the new Standard requiring the installation of DME (distancemeasuring equipment) as a complement to VOR where, for operational or air traffic control reasons, there was need for more precise navigation service than that provided by VOR; and 3) amendments relating to the "protection date" for VOR and DME. To determine whether joint financing might be a possible remedy for specific deficiencies in air navigation facilities and services, the Council established a working body to study the Secretariat's reports and present its findings to the June session of the Council.

The Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization held its 19th meeting in Montreal, Canada, from April 29 to May 22 and June 10 to 12, 1953. Nineteen of the twenty-one members of the Council attended the session. The Council made several decisions concerning ICAO's relations with other international organizations. After considering the president's report on discussions with the International Telecommunication Union on the subject of Class B messages, the Council approved a proposal sponsored by the United States that the president of the Council should be authorized to continue such consultations at his own discretion. A United Kingdom proposal that an interagency study committee be appointed was rejected. Concerning the invitation of the Council of Europe to ICAO to convene a conference on the coordination of European air transport, the Council of ICAO felt that the successful outcome of such a conference would be expedited if careful preparation were made before the conference was actually convened. It therefore proposed that the following steps be taken: 1) that Belgium, Denmark, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom be invited to nominate representatives to a preparatory committee which would study the agenda and questions which might arise on the agenda of the proposed conference and report to the Council; 2) that the president of the Council ascertain whether the proposed action was acceptable to the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, with the understanding that if ICAO accepted responsibility for convening the conference, the results of the conference would be made available to all ICAO members; and 3) that the Secretary-General of ICAO undertake the necessary preparatorywork for the conference should the other arrangements be concluded satisfactorily. The Council also approved a new text of arrangements for liaison between ICAO and the World Meteorological Organization. The recommendations of the Air Navigation Commission concerning the dates and locations of the second Air Navigation Conference, the fifth session of the COM Division and the fourth session of the MET Division were approved. The invitation of Spain that the second African Indian Ocean Regional Air Navigation Meeting be held at Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, was accepted by the Council, which set November 17, 1953, as the date on which the meeting would convene.

During its 36th and 37th sessions, held in February and May 1959, respectively, the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) spent considerable time on the preparation of documentation for the forthcoming Assembly. Special attention was paid to the budget estimates for 1960, 1961, and 1962, a review of the basis of assessment, documentation on questions of a constitutional and general policy nature, the policy and program of ICAO for the provision of air navigation facilities and services, ICAO policy on technical assistance, and the future frequency of Assembly sessions. Opinion in the Council was evenly divided on asking the Assembly to vote funds to cover the basic estimates of meetings and activities and to authorize the Council to make, if required, supplementary appropriations up to the amounts indicated in a list of contingent expenditures, as opposed to asking it to vote a budget that would include the contingent expenditures, identified as such, with the proviso that the amounts voted for these expenditures would be available only for the purposes indicated and that assessments for them would be made by the Council if and when necessary. Both alternatives subsequently having been put to the Assembly, the latter body decided to do nothing about the contingent expenditures for meetings, while authorizing the Council to make supplementary appropriations to cover the contingency that the post adjustment for Headquarters would be raised. On the subject of assessments, two tasks were undertaken, one being the drafting of instructions to the Secretary General of ICAO on the preparation of the draft scale of assessments for 1960–1962, and the other being a general review of the basis of assessment, while on the subject of the future frequency of Assembly sessions the Council decided to recommend a major session in 1962 and, if necessary, another session of limited scope either in i960 or in 1961, preferably the latter.

The second session of the ICAO Council convened in Montreal on September 2, 1947. In the course of its session, the Council received reports on ICAO's activities during the summer of 1947 and on two regional air navigation meetings: that for the South American region which met in Lima and that for the South Atlantic area held in Rio de Janeiro. Stuart Graham (Canada), Henri Bouche (France) and P. David (US) were named to the chairmanships of the Air Navigation Committee, the Air Transport Committee and the Committee on the Convention on International Civil Aviation, respectively. Members were also designated for the Finance Committee and for the Committee on the Joint Support of Air Navigation Services.

From January 13 to March 26, 1953, the eighteenth session of the Council of the International Civil AviationOrganization met in Montreal. Activities at this session were predominantly concerned with matters pertaining to the seventh session of the ICAO Assembly, which was scheduled to open in June in Brighton, England. It was decided that invitations to the Assembly should be extended to Japan and Libya, invitations were also approved for those international organizations which had been invited to the fourth session of the Assembly and to the Organization of American States and the Council of Europe, and supporting documentation for items on the Assembly agenda was approved. On the recommendation of the Finance Committee a total budget for the organization for the fiscal year 1954 of Canadian $3,289,606 was approved for submission to the Assembly. Assessments for 1953 were then fixed at two units each for Korea and Libya, the two newest members of the organization.

The Council convened for its sixth session on January 18, 1949 at ICAO headquarters in Montreal. It adopted a resolution establishing an Air Navigation Commission, which was to assume the functions of the former Air Navigation Committee. The commission was to consist of twelve members, with Argentina, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Netherlands, Sweden, United Kingdom, and the United States having already appointed representatives. Annex 7 (Standards and Recommended Practices for Aircraft Nationality and Registration Marks) to the Convention of International Civil Aviation was adopted by the Council, and approval was granted to the provisional agenda of the third ICAO Assembly, scheduled to open in Montreal on June 7, 1949. Also approved by the Council was the convening in London on April 20 of a combined conference to deal with the problems of North Atlantic weather stations, joint support to Greece in respect to the development of the Ellinikon airport, and provision of essential air navigation services requested by Denmark for its Loran station in the Faeroe Islands. Approval was given to the convening on April 11 in London of a meeting of experts to consider revision of the communications network for carrying meteorological information in the North Atlantic region.

Eleventh Session of the Council: In the period from September 15 to October 15, 1950, the Council, meeting in the second part of its eleventh session, devoted a major portion of its time to the study of the 79th report of the Air Navigation Commission containing the commission's recommendations on the notification by states and the dissemination by the secretariat of divergencies from ICAO standards, practices, and procedures. No decision was reached on the question during the Council's discussions. During the same period the Council approved in principle the transfer of responsibility for liaison with certain areas in central and south Africa from the European and African (Paris) regional office to the middle east (Cairo) office, and for certain states and territories in the Caribbean from the South American (Lima) regional office to the North American (Montreal) office. The Council then granted a request from the Civil Aviation Board, as agents of the Allied High Commission for Germany, to participate as observers in regional and special meetings of ICAO that discussed the provision of facilities or introduction of procedures for civil aviation in areas including territories under the Allied High Commission's control. In addition the Council accepted from the government of Switzerland an offer of 200,000 Swiss francs towards the maintenance of various north Atlantic safety services. The Council in the closing meeting of the eleventh session: 1) approved some 21 recommendations of the Meteorology Division's third session; 2) took note of specifications for a 1:500,000 Chart Series of Europe and directed that the specifications be brought to the attention of the contracting states for appropriate action; 3) granted a request from Pakistan for an advisory opinion and interpretation of the Transit Agreement and of Article 6 of the Convention regarding the right of an aircraft of a contracting party to fly without landing over the territory of another contracting state; and 4) set the opening date of the next Council session.

The third ICAO assembly was held in Montreal from June 7 to 20 and considered an agenda limited to financial and administrative questions. An Administrative Commission was established with a Contributions Working Group and a Budget Working Group to study the finances for 1950. The Assembly adopted a budget of $2,810,607 which provided about the same financial level for 1950 as had been given for 1949. This permitted the continuance of the working program on the same scale as before but allowed no room for expansion. The Assembly further approved a resolution authorizing the Secretary-General to accept a part of contributions in other currencies than Canadian dollars and agreed on a scale of contributions for 1950. Sanctions, consisting of suspension of voting power in the Assembly, Council and their subsidiary bodies, but not regional meetings, were imposed on Bolivia, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Poland and Jordan because they were delinquent in contributions for a period exceeding two years. The Council was to discuss with defaulting states the whole question of their position in relation to the organization and, if possible, to secure the payment of outstanding contributions by such arrangements as might be mutually satisfactory. If a settlement was not made, the Council was to consider other possible courses of action and submit its recommendations to the fourth assembly.

The Council, meeting on September 6, 1949 for its eighth session, elected members and chairmen of committees, and approved the Council work program for the session. ICAO's program of meetings for 1950 was discussed briefly and referred to the Air Navigation Commission, the Air Transport Committee and the Joint Support Committee for consideration and report. The Council noted that no part of Annex 9 of the Chicago Convention (Facilitation of Air Transport) had been disapproved by a majority of contracting states and therefore declared Annex 9 to be in force. Annexes 6 and 7 (Operation of Aircraft Scheduled International Air Services and Aircraft Nationality and Registration Marks) were also accepted.

CouncilNinth Session: The ICAO Council met in its ninth session in Montreal from January 27 to April 6, 1950 a session devoted primarily to a re-examination of the provisional agenda of the fourth session of the Assembly. The Council decided that the period covered by its annual report to the Assembly should coincide with the calendar year, leaving the period from the first of the year to the opening of the Assembly as the subject of a supplementary report. In considering the work of the fifth session of the Legal Committee, the Council agreed that the draft Convention on Damage Caused by Aircraft to Third Parties on the Surface, a convention which had been prepared by the committee, should be presented to the fourth Assembly which could then consider the desirability of adopting and opening it for signature. Accordingly, the Legal Committee's covering report was distributed to the Contracting States. The Council also decided to recommend to the Assembly that no further consideration be given the question of joint ownership and operation of international services on trunk routes until such times as some group of states, envisaging joint ownership or operation, put forward specific proposals for that purpose.

The Council held a post-assembly session June 21 to 29, 1951 in which air navigation problems figured most prominently. The Council established universal radio telephony procedures recommended by the Airworthiness and the Communications Divisions during their fourth sessions and incorporated them into Amendment 4 to Annex 10 (Aeronautical Telecommunications) of Standards and Recommended Practices for implementation November 1, 1951. The Air Navigation Commission was authorized to establish a small standing committee, proposed by the Airworthiness and Operations Divisions, to make tentative amendment to Annexes 6 and 8 (Operation of Aircraft, Airworthiness of Aircraft). The Council also approved the implementation January 1, 1952 of the Revised Supplementary Regional Procedures in Meteorology. On the advice of the Air Navigation Commission, the Council approved the proposal by the United States and France to include the New York-Paris circuit in the Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunications Network of the European and the Mediterranean Region, subject to review by the European and Mediterranean Regional Air Navigation Meeting in February. Amendments 23 to 28 to Annex 4 (Aeronautical Charts) were adopted; and unless disapproved by a majority of contracting states they would become effective November 1, 1951 and implemented January 1, 1952. The Council endorsed the establishment of regional training centers and directed the Secretary-General to encourage such development and particularly to urge the governments of India, Pakistan, and Egypt to consider further development of centers of Allahabad, Nawabshar or Karachi, and Cairo, not only for the benefit of their own nations, but also for that of neighboring states. Noting the development of prohibited, restricted, and danger areas along international air routes, the Council asked all contracting states to issue communications prior to boundary changes. Mohammed El Hakeem (Egypt) and A. C. Carter (United Kingdom) were appointed to the Air Navigation Commission. In conclusion, the third report of the Organization's technical assistance program was approved with its estimated $900,000 budget for 1952 for transferral to the United Nations. The retirement of the Secretary-General, Albert Roper, was deferred until December 31, 1951.