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AbstractDevelopmental psychology plays a central role in shaping evidence‐based best practices for prelingually deaf children. The Auditory Scaffolding Hypothesis (Conway et al., 2009) asserts that a lack of auditory stimulation in deaf children leads to impoverished implicit sequence learning abilities, measured via an artificial grammar learning (AGL) task. However, prior research is confounded by a lack of both auditory and language input. The current study examines implicit learning in deaf children who were (Deaf native signers) or were not (oral cochlear implant users) exposed to language from birth, and in hearing children, using both AGL and Serial Reaction Time (SRT) tasks. Neither deaf nor hearing children across the three groups show evidence of implicit learning on the AGL task, but all three groups show robust implicit learning on the SRT task. These findings argue against the Auditory Scaffolding Hypothesis, and suggest that implicit sequence learning may be resilient to both auditory and language deprivation, within the tested limits. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://youtu.be/EeqfQqlVHLI [Correction added on 07 August 2017, after first online publication: The video abstract link was added.]

AbstractFrom the widespread use of smartphones and tablets to the multitude of applications available, older adults are showing an interest in utilizing technology to maintain their independence and to improve their quality of life. As technology continues to advance and be incorporated into many day‐to‐day activities, the baby boom generation will see these changes affecting the way they access and utilize dental services. Innovative toothbrushes and chemotherapeutics are continuing to be developed and utilized by many older adults. Within the dental office, older adults are seeing greater application of technology in every day dental procedures. These include the use of teledentistry, artificial intelligence (AI), innovative restorative materials, digitization of fixed and removable prosthodontics, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans to guide dental implant placement and endodontic procedures. There is also new technology to aid in cancer detection and shielding during cancer treatment. Improved communication between the medical and dental fields has become increasingly necessary to facilitate effective patient care and a few innovative healthcare systems have begun to consolidate these services. Overall, the baby boom generation will continue to see dental innovations that will change the way they experience everyday life and dental services.

AbstractThis study investigated whether combining metabolomic and embryologic data with machine learning (ML) models improve the prediction of embryo implantation potential. In this prospective cohort study, infertile couples (n=56) undergoing day-5 single blastocyst transfer between February 2019 and August 2021 were included. After day-5 single blastocyst transfer, spent culture medium (SCM) was subjected to metabolite analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Derived metabolite levels and embryologic parameters between successfully implanted and failed groups were incorporated into ML models to explore their predictive potential regarding embryo implantation. The SCM of blastocysts that resulted in successful embryo implantation had significantly lower pyruvate (p<0.05) and threonine (p<0.05) levels compared to medium control but not compared to SCM related to embryos that failed to implant. Notably, the prediction accuracy increased when classical ML algorithms were combined with metabolomic and embryologic data. Specifically, the custom artificial neural network (ANN) model with regularized parameters for metabolomic data provided 100% accuracy, indicating the efficiency in predicting implantation potential. Hence, combining ML models (specifically, custom ANN) with metabolomic and embryologic data improves the prediction of embryo implantation potential. The approach could potentially be used to derive clinical benefits for patients in real-time.

The article tries to describe phenomena that have so far largely not captured the attention of the Polish social sciences, that is the process of crystallization and manifestation of the cultural identity of the deaf. The controversies presented here concern mainly two questions. The first is whether the sign (visual-spatial) language may be treated on a par with a phonic one as another type of human language. Secondly, whether on the basis of this linguistic differentiation one can speak of the cultural and linguistic identity of the deaf. In such a case the destruction of the sense of hearing would not be treated as a physical disability, but as a characteristic of cultural otherness. Moreover, one can be culturally Deaf even if one c a n hear — the factors that constitute the minority Deaf Culture are above all: the use of sign language, the recognition of its primacy over the artificial systems of sign language and a phonic language as well as the protection of the cultural heritage of the Deaf in a society capable of audition where the Deaf are discriminated against and "discultured" (for example by the system of education or the imperative of curing deafness by cochlear implants).

Peri-implantitis, an inflammation caused by biofilm formation, constitutes a major cause of implant failure in dentistry. Thus, the detection of bacteria at the early steps of biofilm growth represents a powerful strategy to prevent implant-related infections. In this regard, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can be used as effective biological recognition elements to selectively detect the presence of bacteria. Thus, the aim of the present study was to combine the use of miniaturized and integrated impedimetric transducers and AMPs to obtain biosensors with high sensitivity to monitor bacterial colonization. Streptococcus sanguinis, which is one of the most prevalent strains in the onset of periodontal diseases, was used as a model of oral bacteria. To this end, a potent AMP derived from human lactoferrin was synthesized and covalently immobilized on interdigitated electrode arrays (IDEA). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to optimize and characterize the method of immobilization. Noteworthy, the interaction of Streptococcus sanguinis with AMP-coated sensors provoked significant changes in the impedance spectra, which were univocally associated with the presence of bacteria, proving the feasibility of our method. In this regard, the developed biosensor permits to detect the presence of bacteria at concentrations starting from 101 colony forming units (CFU) mL−1 in KCl and from 102 CFU mL−1 in artificial saliva. Moreover, the system was devoid of cytotoxicity for human fibroblasts. These results indicate that the proposed approach can be effective in the detection of initial stages of biofilm formation, and may be useful in the early prevention and treatment of peri-implantitis. ; The authors acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Government through projects CTQ2014-54553-C3-1-R and MAT2015-67183-R, cofunded by the European Union through European Regional Development Funds, the Government of Catalonia (SGR2014 01333), the Technical University of Catalonia (fellowship of M.H.) and the European Union (Project ENIAC-ED-52v161210, and FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, REA Grant Agreement No. 321985). This work was partially supported by Government of Russian Federation, Grant 074-U01. ; Peer reviewed

Intro -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of abbreviations -- Introduction -- Note -- References -- 1. The Fourth Industrial Revolution and human enhancement -- 1.1 The meaning of the Fourth Industrial Revolution -- 1.2 4IR and healthcare systems -- 1.3 4IR impact on the healthcare sector -- 1.3.1 Artificial intelligence -- 1.3.2 Information and communication technologies -- 1.3.3 New products -- 1.3.3.1 New medicines -- 1.3.3.2 New medical devices -- 1.3.4 Implants -- 1.3.5 New services -- 1.3.5.1 Telemedicine and eHealth -- 1.3.5.1.1 Store-and-forward (asynchronous telemedicine) -- 1.3.5.1.2 Remote patient monitoring -- 1.3.5.1.3 Mobile health (mHealth) applications -- 1.3.5.1.4 Remote surgical assistance -- 1.3.5.1.5 Online health portals allow patients to access online platforms to review medical records, lab results, and other health-related information -- 1.3.5.1.6 Telesurgery - remote surgical service -- 1.3.5.1.7 E-consultations and telephonic consultations -- 1.3.6 New technologies -- 1.3.6.1 Genetic engineering -- 1.3.6.1.1 Gene therapy for genetic disorders -- 1.3.6.1.2 Clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 gene-editing tool -- 1.3.6.1.3 Mitochondrial replacement therapy -- 1.3.6.1.4 Improved genetic diagnostics -- 1.3.6.2 Nanotechnology -- 1.3.6.2.1 Nanoparticle drug delivery -- 1.3.6.2.2 Targeted drug delivery -- 1.3.6.2.3 Cancer treatment -- 1.3.6.2.4 Diagnostic nanoparticles -- 1.3.6.2.5 Molecular imaging -- 1.3.6.2.6 Theranostics -- 1.3.6.2.7 Regenerative medicine -- 1.3.6.2.8 Antibacterial nanoparticles -- 1.3.6.2.9 Neurological applications -- 1.3.6.2.10 Diagnostics and monitoring -- 1.3.6.2.11 Nanobiosensors -- 1.3.6.3 Neurotechnology -- 1.3.6.4 Nanorobotics -- 1.4 Big data -- 1.5 Technical progress and innovations in medicine and healthcare systems.

The human experience of consciousness and the divine has long been a source of fascination and curiosity. In recent decades, two seemingly disparate fields have emerged one after the other to rethink our experiences in new contexts: postmodernism and neurotheology. It was already obvious to Aristotle that logic is a reflection of language. This immanent coherence and the status of "truth" have been well-rethought by the neurosciences. Neurotheology offers a new field of research on key problems related to paralogisms, the aetiology of belief, and social beliefs in the direction of generating a new field of solutions. It attempts a kind of technical revision of why thinking suffers from deficiencies with a rather Cartesian approach. The other line of reasoning also provides interesting perspectives - the consideration of consciousness as a function of the universe. If successfully tested - this thesis would fundamentally change the perspective of psychology in the direction of a complete transformation and fusion with neuroscience. The big winner in the duel of positions is ethics - it would have to rethink its basic definitions, with all the social implications that entails. The advent of brain implants and large language models (which, driven by intellectual inertia, we call "artificial intelligence"), and advances in medicine and pharmacology certainly contribute to the possible realization of some, if not all, of these scenarios.

There has been little thought given in science to the impact of direct brain‐machine interfacing upon the future development of human consciousness. Even less thought has been given to the possibilities for both optimizing and thwarting development in the cyborg child. A neurocognitive model of the evolution of cyborg consciousness is summarized, and from this model grounded speculations are offered pertaining to the future development of the higher cognitive functions in the cyborg child. It will be shown that cybernetic implants are "multistable"; that is, the artificial intelligence (AI) component of the cyborg brain‐machine linkage may function to condition development along ideological lines (the brain conditioned by the "ideological chip"), or may operate to open up neurocognitive development to new and heretofore unrealized limits (the brain's development optimized by the "guru programme"). Development of the cyborg child may be conditioned in the interests of ideological concerns, or may lead to a consciousness that easily transcends all forms of ideology. Application of the guru programme may foster the emergence of new levels of cognitive complexity and information processing (à la Piagetian and neo‐Piagetian theory) that in turn allows new strategies of adaptation previously beyond human comprehension. The ethical and regulatory problems raised by cyborg technologies are addressed.

"Will language as we know it cease to exist? What could this mean for the way we live our lives? Shining a light on the technology currently being developed to revolutionise communication, The Future of Language distinguishes myth from reality and superstition from scientifically-based prediction as it plots out the importance of language and raises questions about its future.From the rise of artificial intelligence and speaking robots, to brain implants and computer-facilitated telepathy, language and communications expert Philip Seargeant surveys the development of new digital 'languages', such as emojis, animated gifs and memes, and investigates how conventions of spoken and written language are being modified by new trends in communication. From George Orwell's fictional predictions in Nineteen Eighty-Four to the very real warnings of climate activist Greta Thunberg, Seargeant explores language through time, traversing politics, religion, philosophy, literature, and of course technology, in the process. Tracing how previous eras have imagined the future of language, from the Bible to the works H. G. Wells, and from Star Wars to Star Trek, the book reveals how perfecting language and communication has always been a vital component of utopian dreams of the future. Questioning the potential ramifications of recent and future developments in communication on society and its ideals, The Future of Language is a no holds barred investigation into the state of civilisation and the impact that changes in language could have on our lives"--Publisher's description

Will language as we know it cease to exist? What could this mean for the way we live our lives? Shining a light on the technology currently being developed to revolutionise communication, The Future of Language distinguishes myth from reality and superstition from scientifically-based prediction as it plots out the importance of language and raises questions about its future. From the rise of artificial intelligence and speaking robots, to brain implants and computer-facilitated telepathy, language and communications expert Philip Seargeant surveys the development of new digital 'languages', such as emojis, animated gifs and memes, and investigates how conventions of spoken and written language are being modified by new trends in communication. From George Orwell's fictional predictions in Nineteen Eighty-Four to the very real warnings of climate activist Greta Thunberg, Seargeant explores language through time, traversing politics, religion, philosophy, literature, and of course technology, in the process. Tracing how previous eras have imagined the future of language, from the Bible to the works H. G. Wells, and from Star Wars to Star Trek, the book reveals how perfecting language and communication has always been a vital component of utopian dreams of the future. Questioning the potential ramifications of recent and future developments in communication on society and its ideals, The Future of Language is a no holds barred investigation into the state of civilisation and the impact that changes in language could have on our lives

Abstract
Background In the recent years, three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has emerged as a transformative tool, particularly in health care, offering unprecedented possibilities in neurosurgery. This review explores the diverse applications of 3D printing in neurosurgery, assessing its impact on precision, customization, surgical planning, and education.
Methods A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus, identifying 84 relevant articles. These were categorized into spine applications, neurovascular applications, neuro-oncology applications, neuroendoscopy applications, cranioplasty applications, and modulation/stimulation applications.
Results 3D printing applications in spine surgery showcased advancements in guide devices, prosthetics, and neurosurgical planning, with patient-specific models enhancing precision and minimizing complications. Neurovascular applications demonstrated the utility of 3D-printed guide devices in intracranial hemorrhage and enhanced surgical planning for cerebrovascular diseases. Neuro-oncology applications highlighted the role of 3D printing in guide devices for tumor surgery and improved surgical planning through realistic models. Neuroendoscopy applications emphasized the benefits of 3D-printed guide devices, anatomical models, and educational tools. Cranioplasty applications showed promising outcomes in patient-specific implants, addressing biomechanical considerations.
Discussion The integration of 3D printing into neurosurgery has significantly advanced precision, customization, and surgical planning. Challenges include standardization, material considerations, and ethical issues. Future directions involve integrating artificial intelligence, multimodal imaging fusion, biofabrication, and global collaboration.
Conclusion 3D printing has revolutionized neurosurgery, offering tailored solutions, enhanced surgical planning, and invaluable educational tools. Addressing challenges and exploring future innovations will further solidify the transformative impact of 3D printing in neurosurgical care. This review serves as a comprehensive guide for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers navigating the dynamic landscape of 3D printing in neurosurgery.

An approachable introduction to the philosophical study of ethical dilemmas in technology In the Technology Age, innovations in medical, communications, and weapons technologies have given rise to many new ethical questions: Are technologies always value-neutral tools? Are human values and human prejudices sometimes embedded in technologies? Should we merge with the technologies we use? Is it ethical to use autonomous weapons systems in warfare? What should a self-driving car do if it detects an unavoidable crash? Can robots have morally relevant properties? This is Technology Ethics: An Introduction provides an accessible overview of the sub-field of philosophy that focuses on the ethical implications of new technologies. Requiring no previous background in the subject, this reader-friendly volume explores ethical questions concerning artificial intelligence, robots, self-driving cars, brain implants, social media and communication technologies, and more. Throughout the book, clear and engaging chapters describe and discuss key discussions, issues, and themes while inviting readers to develop their own perspectives on a wide range of moral and ethical questions. Discusses how various technologies influence and shape individuals and society both positively and negatively Illustrates how emerging technologies affect traditional ideas about ethics and human self-understanding Addresses the ethical complications of creating technologies that may lead to morally problematic consequences Considers if the benefits of new technologies outweigh potential drawbacks, such as how people interact online through social media Explores how established moral and ethical theories relate to new questions concerning advanced technologies Part of the popular This is Philosophy series published by Wiley-Blackwell, This is Technology Ethics: An Introduction is a must-read for undergraduate students taking a Technology Ethics course, researchers in the field, engineers, technology professionals, and general readers looking to learn more about the topic.

Resumen tomado de la publicación ; Monográfico con el título: "Ética y universidad" ; Los nuevos enfoques sobre la condición humana que abren las denominadas tecnologías NBIC (nanotecnologías, biotecnologías, tecnologías de la información y las ciencias cognitivas) suponen un reto extraordinario para el conocimiento de la educación y las posibilidades en general del desarrollo humano. Se han analizado, desde una perspectiva hermenéutica-interpretativa y documental, las principales tesis actuales y aportaciones de las tecnologías NBIC referidas a sus implicaciones en las ideas sobre el transhumanismo y el poshumanismo que afectan directa e indirectamente al modo de pensar los procesos educativos. Los resultados principales se centran en considerar que las intervenciones tecnocientíficas sobre el cuerpo humano apremian a pensar de un modo más profundo las bases de la condición humana y su formación. Que el transhumanismo sería un periodo de tránsito hasta llegar a la cúspide antropológica de lo poshumano, mediante el mejoramiento tecnológico de las capacidades humanas físicas y cognitivas. Otro resultado del artículo es la réplica de las posiciones denominadas bioconservadoras que postulan la necesidad de un respeto a la naturaleza humana y su consideración desde una ética asumible. Por último, el artículo discute varias tesis: que no se incrementan las posibilidades de ser más y mejor humanos por vaciar las condiciones de esa humanidad; que hay que ser precavidos ante el desfase evidente que actualmente tenemos entre las posibilidades técnicas que disponemos y el conocimiento de las consecuencias a largo plazo que, en muchos casos, ignoramos; que la aspiración a una perfección artificial mediante fármacos, implantes y modificaciones genéticas nos hace olvidar la importancia pedagógica que tiene la vivencia particular y de los esfuerzos individuales que cada uno hace por su propia mejora personal como individuos y su repercusión en la comunidad. ; Biblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; biblioteca@mecd.es ; ESP

Resumen tomado de la publicación ; Monográfico con el título: "Ética y universidad" ; Los nuevos enfoques sobre la condición humana que abren las denominadas tecnologías NBIC (nanotecnologías, biotecnologías, tecnologías de la información y las ciencias cognitivas) suponen un reto extraordinario para el conocimiento de la educación y las posibilidades en general del desarrollo humano. Se han analizado, desde una perspectiva hermenéutica-interpretativa y documental, las principales tesis actuales y aportaciones de las tecnologías NBIC referidas a sus implicaciones en las ideas sobre el transhumanismo y el poshumanismo que afectan directa e indirectamente al modo de pensar los procesos educativos. Los resultados principales se centran en considerar que las intervenciones tecnocientíficas sobre el cuerpo humano apremian a pensar de un modo más profundo las bases de la condición humana y su formación. Que el transhumanismo sería un periodo de tránsito hasta llegar a la cúspide antropológica de lo poshumano, mediante el mejoramiento tecnológico de las capacidades humanas físicas y cognitivas. Otro resultado del artículo es la réplica de las posiciones denominadas bioconservadoras que postulan la necesidad de un respeto a la naturaleza humana y su consideración desde una ética asumible. Por último, el artículo discute varias tesis: que no se incrementan las posibilidades de ser más y mejor humanos por vaciar las condiciones de esa humanidad; que hay que ser precavidos ante el desfase evidente que actualmente tenemos entre las posibilidades técnicas que disponemos y el conocimiento de las consecuencias a largo plazo que, en muchos casos, ignoramos; que la aspiración a una perfección artificial mediante fármacos, implantes y modificaciones genéticas nos hace olvidar la importancia pedagógica que tiene la vivencia particular y de los esfuerzos individuales que cada uno hace por su propia mejora personal como individuos y su repercusión en la comunidad. ; Biblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; biblioteca@mecd.es ; ESP

Insemination in Human and Veterinary Medicine -- Culture of Human Male Germ Cells in Vitro -- Preservation of Human Sperm by Liquid Nitrogen Vapor Freezing -- Motility and Morphology of Human Sperms after Freezing in Liquid Nitrogen -- Some Problems Involved in Freezing and Insemination With Human Sperm -- Oxygen Consumption of Human Spermatozoa and Seminal Plasma -- Extracellular Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase as a Measure on Membrane Injury in Spermatozoa During Treatment -- The Effect of Tubal Sperm Concentration on the Rate of Development of Swine Ova and Blastocysts -- The Practical Use of DF-Semen on Cattle in Sweden -- A Male Sexual Cycle -- Transplantation in Gynecology -- Transplantation of Gynecological Organs: Ethical Problems -- Medical Aspects on Transplantations in Gynecology -- Immunodepression: I. Principles -- Immunodepression: II. Radiologic and Pharmacologic Treatment -- Immunosuppressive Regimes Directed at the Lymphocyte -- Transplantation of Ovaries -- Significance of Transplantation of the Uterus and the Fallopian Tubes -- Anastomosis of Small Vessels -- Autotransplantation of the Uterine Horns and Ovaries in Female Rabbits -- Homotransplantation of the Uterine Horns in Female Rabbits -- The Use of Blastocysts in Human and Veterinary Medicine -- Discussion on the Use of Blastocysts in Human and Veterinary Medicine -- How Distant is the Clinical Use of Human Blastocysts? -- Laparoscopic Recovery of Pre-Ovulatory Human Oocytes After Priming of the Ovaries with Gonadotrophins -- Scanning Electron Microscopy of Mouse Blastocysts Before and at Implantation -- Recent Advances in Contraception -- Long Acting Polydimethylsiloxane Implants for Contraception -- Sustained Release Hormonal Preparations -- Experience with Norgestrel in Continuous Microdosage -- Influence of Low Doses of Gestagens on Some Pituitary-Ovarian Functions -- On the Way to a More Physiological Hormonal Contraception -- The Pill: On Chromosomes -- Amenorrhea Following Oral Contraceptives -- The Influence of Oral Contraceptives on Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism -- Thromboembolism and Oral Contraceptives -- Possible Mechanism of the Anti-Fertility Effect of Copper -- Intra-Uterine Devices, Side-Effects -- Sterility I. Experimental -- Glycogen in Spermatidic Arrest -- Dihydrotestosterone (5 ?-Androstan-17-?-o1-3 one) in the Epididymis of Rats -- FSH-Releasing Activity of Clomiphenecitrat -- Sterility II. Clinical -- Estimation of Thiocyanate Level in Uterus. Preliminary Report -- Lymphocyte Transformation in Wife-Husband Mixed Leucocyte Cultures in Normal and Pathological Pregnancies -- Utero-Abdominal Reflux and Female Sterility. A Clinical Study -- The Experimental Artificial Oviduct -- The Effects of Mesterolone on Patients with Impaired Spermatogenesis and Sexual Disorders -- An Electromyographic Study of the External Urethal Sphincter During Ejaculation on Patients with Ejaculation Trouble Subsequent to Colectomy and Rectum Extirpation due to Colitis Ulcerosa and Crohn's Disease.