Suchergebnisse

While ethnicization refers to the formation of social boundaries aiming to protect the integrity of (presumed) ethnic-cultural heritages, de-ethnicization refers to the `undoing' of such boundaries. Media can support developments in either direction. The conceptual model that is developed in this article distinguishes between two dimensions of discursive (de-)-ethnicization, the first dimension addressing ethnic-cultural difference as such, and the second dimension addressing social and political implications. The model is subsequently applied to make sense of empirical findings which suggest that Turkish satellite television, viewed in the context of the Netherlands, has the rather unexpected effect of de-ethnicizing young Turkish migrants' perceptions of cultural difference.

Hohe Einwanderungszahlen in Deutschland gingen einher mit langfristigen Strukturveränderungen wie Restrukturierung des Arbeitsmarktes, "Krise des Wohlfahrtsstaates" und deutsche Einheit. Die deutsche politische und akademische Debatte konzentrierte sich in den 80er und frühen 90er Jahren auf das Asylrecht, die Frage der Staatsbürgerschaft (ius sanguinis) und zunehmend auf das Thema "Wohlfahrtschauvinismus". Der Autor gibt einen Überblick über die Forschungsliteratur zu den Themenfeldern Immigrationskontrolle, Integration von Immigranten über politische und soziale Rechte, "Ethnisierung" der Politik, verstanden als die Konstruktion und Mobilisierung von ethnischen Unterschieden im politischen Konflikt und gibt einen Ausblick auf die transnationalen Aspekte von Immigration und Integration. (AuD-Ksl)

Compares transnationalism in the present wave of US immigration with the last great wave, 1880-1914. Analysis reflects the interpretation of transnationalism as a combination of civic-political, economic, social, & cultural factors that link people & institutions in two or more nation-states. Main topics are (1) the features of transnationalism common in both waves & (2) the new macro- & microlevel developments affecting the pressures & opportunities of current immigrants' transnational lives. Analysis draws on the contemporary literature of history & sociology as well as immigrants' letters home, diaries, & the immigrant press. The author concludes that (A) long-term historical processes influence immigrants' attitudes & behavior; (B) historical-comparative treatment of immigrant transnationalism should focus on specific contexts; (C) such studies would enhance the methodological base of the study of transnationalism; & (D) this approach would enable practitioners to formulate & test research questions. 1 Table, 192 References. J. R. Callahan

Compares transnationalism in the present wave of US immigration with the last great wave, 1880-1914. Analysis reflects the interpretation of transnationalism as a combination of civic-political, economic, social, & cultural factors that link people & institutions in two or more nation-states. Main topics are (1) the features of transnationalism common in both waves & (2) the new macro- & microlevel developments affecting the pressures & opportunities of current immigrants' transnational lives. Analysis draws on the contemporary literature of history & sociology as well as immigrants' letters home, diaries, & the immigrant press. The author concludes that (A) long-term historical processes influence immigrants' attitudes & behavior; (B) historical-comparative treatment of immigrant transnationalism should focus on specific contexts; (C) such studies would enhance the methodological base of the study of transnationalism; & (D) this approach would enable practitioners to formulate & test research questions. 1 Table, 192 References. J. R. Callahan

This article seeks to shift the framework of decades-long debates on the nature and significance ofmachismo, debunking the commonly held notion that the word describes a primordial Iberian and Ibero-American phenomenon. I trace the emergence ofmachismoas an English-language term, arguing that a tradition of unself-consciously ethnocentric scholarship in the 1940s and 1950s enabled the word's entrance, by the 1960s, into popular sources. In fact,machismowas rather a neologism in Spanish, but midcentury US scholarship presumed the category's empirical validity and applied to it to perceived problems in the "Latin" world. Much ofmachismo's linguistic purchase—the reason it has become a global shorthand for hypermasculinity—stemmed from mid to late twentieth-century anxieties about hemispheric security, the Cold War, immigration, and overpopulation, particularly vis-à-vis the United States' near neighbors, Mexico and Puerto Rico. I have sought out the word's earliest appearances in various English-language media (books, scholarly articles, newspapers, magazines, and television) and explained how it has long escaped scrutiny as a construct in and of itself. As a result, machismo has resisted the most earnest and well-intentioned of challenges to its scholarly primacy and remains a pathologizing point of departure in approaches to Latin American gender systems.