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Though scholars of Ethnic Studies have increasingly drawn attention to the contradictory tendencies that constitute the discipline of Ethnic Studies, few scholars have sought to explain its cause or its means of reproduction. This essay returns to the foundation of contemporary Ethnic Studies—the Third World Liberation Front strikes at San Francisco State College and University of California Berkeley—and examines the movements as part and parcel of an ongoing class struggle over control of the means of social reproduction. It highlights the ways in which the post-1968 formation of Ethnic Studies is a heterogeneous, uneven, and dynamic process shaped by the ongoing conflicts between groups of people with antagonistic interests. Though the gains achieved by the students has become common sense, the role of administrators in determining the discipline's form and content has been overlooked. Looking at primary documents and Karen Tei Yamashita's novel of the event, I Hotel, the author highlights administrators' use of the police to manage students. The article identifies police power as a constitutive feature of ethnic studies' ongoing institutionalization. By establishing the existence of a reflex that structures ethnic studies, the article opens new ways of practicing Ethnic Studies at odds with disciplinarity and professionalization and in solidarity with the intellectual, political, and creative spirit of the TWLF.

This conceptual paper examines the question of the political imaginary in the neoliberal moment, and the crucial role that Ethnic Studies can play in realizing critical pedagogy's promise of emancipatory social transformation. After Arizona House Bill 2281, educational scholarship has paid renewed attention to Ethnic Studies classrooms as key sites of politically transformative praxis. Attending to recent literature that contextualizes Ethnic Studies within broader contemporary struggles against neoliberal educational reform, this analysis traces the contentious relationship between Ethnic Studies and the advancements of neoliberal multicultural ideology.This essay extends these critical dialogues by arguing for a dialectical description of the Ethnic Studies, which emphasizes its ability to stage productive confrontations between traditions in Marxist philosophy, decolonial theory, and critical race theory. The epistemological and ontological tensions that arise here, I argue, are central to reframing our understanding of consciousness raising and the formation of radical subjectivities in the present. ; Education

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Chapter 2 Remaking Ethnic Studies in the Age of Identities -- Chapter 3 Factory, Workshop, and Homework: A Spatial Dimension of Labor Flexibility among Jewish Migrants in the Early Stages of Industrialization in Buenos Aires -- Chapter 4 Becoming Polacos: Landsmanshaftn and the Making of a Polish-Jewish Sub-ethnicity in Argentina -- Chapter 5 Ethnicity and Federalism in Latin America: Rethinking the National Experience of Jews and Middle Eastern Descendants in Argentina -- Chapter 6 "For an Arab There Can Be Nothing Better Than Another Arab": Nation, Ethnicity and Citizenship in Peronist Argentina -- Chapter 7 Otherness in Convergence: Arabs, Jews, and the Formation of the Chilean Middle Classes, 1930-1960 -- Chapter 8 The Untold History: Voices of Non-affiliated Jews in Chile, 1940-19901 -- Chapter 9 The Other as a Mirror: Representation of Jews and Palestinians on Argentinian and Chilean Television Screens -- Chapter 10 In the Land of Vitzliputzli: German-Speaking Jews in Latin America -- Chapter 11 Epilogue: The Centesimal Nisman -- Index.