Suchergebnisse

Abstract. Using U.S. resident survey data from the National Community Survey in combination with public data from the U.S. Census and additional sources, a Voting Regressor Model was developed to establish fair benchmark values for city performance. These benchmarks were adjusted for characteristics the city cannot easily influence that contribute to confidence in local government, such as population size, demographics, and income. This adjustment allows for a more meaningful comparison and interpretation of survey results among individual cities. Methods explored for the benchmark adjustment included cluster analysis, anomaly detection, and a variety of regression techniques, including random forest, ridge, decision tree, support vector, gradient boosting, KNN, and ensembles. The final models used ensemble regression methods to predict trust in government and identify important features and cluster analysis to assign similar cities to clusters for comparison. The voting regression model predictions were compared to the actual raw scores, and cities that scored significantly above and below predictions were identified. These overperformers and underperformers may have additional factors not accounted for within the model contributing to their score.

Aus sowjetischer Sicht

Demonstrates that external factors played a significant role in the inflationary process over the period. Departs from the monetarist analysis by taking into account the effects of world prices and fiscal policy. Presents a modified monetarist model of the balance of payments within an open economy. (SJK)

Journal of Peace Research, February 1989. ; Refereed Journal Article ; Recent research on the determinants of Third World military expenditures has indicated that economic variables show great promise in providing a framework as to the underlying causes of Third World defense allocation decisions. Building on this research, we test the hypotheses that the level of military expenditures in developing countries is determined in large part by economic constraints relative to external (threat) factors. In general this hypothesis is borne out with the important qualification that countries without an arms industry appear relatively more affected by external factors than countries with an arms industry. The main implication of the analysis is that a reduction in Third World arms production would most likely result in lower overall levels of military expenditures in these countries.

Recent research on the determinants of Third World military expenditures has indicated that economic variables show great promise in providing a framework as to the underlying causes of Third World defense allocation decisions. Building on this research, we test the hypotheses that the level of military expenditures in developing countries is determined in large part by economic constraints relative to external (threat) factors. In general this hypothesis is borne out with the important qualification that countries without an arms industry appear relatively more affected by external factors than countries with an arms industry. The main implication of the analysis is that a reduction in Third World arms production would most likely result in lower overall levels of military expenditures in these countries.

China's present-day open policy in external economic relations has a wide variety of forms. Looking into the role of external factors in China's domestic economic development, the article explores Chinese policies in relation to the main types of that country's economic ties: foreign trade and the principal forms of attracted foreign loan and entrepreneurial capital. The relevance of Chinese policies for Russia is also discussed. (DÜI-Sen)

The effects of economic conditions on the level of Third World military expenditures, especially indigenous arms production, are examined based on cross-sectional data for the early 1980s. A review of the economic impact & economic determinants literature provides variables & implications for a mathematical model accounting for all phases of military expenditures, such as arms imports & share of defense expenditures in the government budget, as well as for total imports & external debt. The relative impact of internal (economic) & external (threat) forces on military expenditures is estimated from the model, supporting the hypothesis that military expenditure levels are determined largely by economic constraints. A reduction in Third World arms production may decrease the level of military expenditures, since countries without an arms industry are less affected by economic factors. 53 References. M. Malas

Abstract:In order for organizations to adopt procedures and structures that efficiently serve their goals, they need to overcome predictable errors in individual and group judgment and decisionmaking and to distinguish ephemeral from significant environmental changes. I seek to identify factors internal and external to the organization that contribute to overcoming these two problems. I suggest the modern US research university as a case study of a successful organization.