Suchergebnisse

Relevance of the research topic. Budget expenditures are used as an instrument of state regulation of the dynamics of socio-demographic development of the country. Accordingly, the study of the impact of the trends of demographic development on the dynamics of socio-economic processes and the financial stability of the country in the medium and long term are relevant in order to use the regulatory capacity of budget expenditures to improve the demographic situation of the country and stimulate demographic growth. Formulation of the problem. Increasing the level of efficiency and effectiveness of fiscal policy while solving strategic tasks of socio-economic development of the country requires deepening research into the theoretical and methodological principles of using budget expenditures as an effective instrument for the regulation of demographic development, forecasting and planning of the expenditure part of the budget taking into account demographic factors. Analysis of recent research and publications. Problems of budgetary regulation of socio-demographic development of the country are devoted to the works of foreign and domestic scientists G. Becker, M. Blaug, G. Buchanan, A. Vishnevsky, O. Grishnova, S. Kapitsa, L. Kozarezenko, L. Lisyak, E. Libanova, G. Lopushniak, I. Lunina, A. Mazaraki, A. Smith, L. Thurow, V. Fedosova, I. Chugunova, T. Shults, S. Yurii and others. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The study of budget expenditures as an instrument of demographic development is being updated due to the need to improve the quality level of budgetary regulation of the country's social development, the implementation of budget policy aimed at ensuring sustainable socio-economic development of the country, stability and balance of budgetary and pension systems in the medium and long-term prospect. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The research objective is to analyze the peculiarities of using budget expenditures as a tool for regulation of socio-demographic development of the country for the formation and implementation of purposeful, consistent and effective budget policy. The purpose of the study is to reveal and improve the theoretical and methodological basics for the formation of budget expenditures in the system of state regulation of demographic development of the country. Method or methodology for conducting research. The article uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including dialectic, system and structural methods, statistical, comparative and factor analysis, methods of scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The essence of budget expenditures as an instrument of regulation of demographic development of the country is revealed; improvement of the forecasting and planning of the budget expenditures taking into account demographic factors; an analysis of the trends of demographic development of Ukraine was made, priority directions of budget regulation of the demographic situation of the country were determined with the use of regulatory potential of budget expenditures. The field of application of results. The results of the study can be used in the process of formation and implementation of state policy in the field of budget expenditures. Conclusions according to the article. The use of budget expenditures as a tool for the regulation of demographic development implies a well-defined definition of the volume and structure of the expenditure part of the budget to influence the dynamics of socio-demographic processes in the country, taking into account their cyclicality and strategic priority directions of public development. The provisions on forecasting and planning of budget expenditures taking into account demographic factors are based on the consideration of the mutual influence of indicators of the budget expenditure and population and its age structure, the use of budget expenditures as an effective tool for the regulation of demographic trends.

In my contribution to a volume edited by Roger Owen, I have studied the economic development of Palestine from the Crimean War up to the beginnings of the first Jewish Aliya. In this article I propose to investigate the concomitant demographic development of Palestine, that is, of the Livās of Jerusalem, Nablus/Balqā', and 'Akkā, during roughly the same period.

Pcinja county is an administrative region bordering Bulgaria, Macedonia and Kosovo, and is featured by a number of demographic peculiarities and extremes. In Central Serbia, this county is certainly the region with the most heterogeneous ethnic distribution; this fact determines differences in fertility transition and the speed of demographic ageing. Almost 90% ethnic Albanians from Serbia inhabit the Pcinja county, and so do 40% of ethnic Bulgarians. In addition, this county is featured by strong intra- and inter-regional demographic differentiations, both spatial and structural. Reduction of polarization of demographic development in Serbia at macro and intermediate levels (excluding the Kosovo territory), as well as minor differences between urban and rural environments, have made the county rather specific. Thus this relatively small province includes the one with the highest fertility rate and with the youngest population in the entire Republic of Serbia, five levels of demographic age in only seven administrative entities, the municipalities with the highest and the lowest international migration, a concentration of municipalities with the highest masculinity, municipalities with extremely high illiteracy rates, municipalities without atheists, and so on. Common features of this demographically heterogeneous province are underdevelopment and poverty. They do not manifest in the same way all over the territory; they are rather modified by various cultural factors. .

A demographic development of advanced countries is characterized by worsening of the age structure and population aging. Similar trends show themselves also in the Czech and Slovak Republics. Owing to political and economic changes in both the states, there were also changes in a population lifestyle, marriages are closed later and thereby an mothers´ age in a their first child birth increases, a number of children in a family decreases, and at the same time a lifespan increases. The paper deals with an evaluation and comparison of demographic development in the Czech and Slovak Republics with an aim to find common and different characters of this development. Subsequently, a comparison with a demographic situation in frame of the European Union countries is carried out. The paper was worked out in frame of a solution of the research intention of MŠMT - MSM 6046070906, the phase 6.2.1 "Modeling and prognostication of development of decisive indicators of economic and social development in CR and in the context with the EU".

The paper considers the features of the demographic processes in the Russian Arctic zone by the example of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in the period from 1939 to 2017. The future of the Arctic depends in large part on its demographic potential. What should be the population of the territory, how the space is organized, whether the population is needed, or enough of the watch organization of production: what should be done (or what not to do) so that the way of life of the native and the indigenous population remained in harmony with the environment, and at the same time solved large-scale tasks in the interests of the country. The study uses the method of constructing and comparing demographic pyramids for different time periods. There are specified demographic groups that differ in their reproductive behavior. On this basis, time periods were identified, within which demographic processes were going in different ways that allows us to assess the relationship between the nature and outcome of these processes and the structure of population at different stages of history. Based on the prospective analysis of the demographic processes in the territory of development of this part of the country, there was revealed the specific in the dynamics and features of the formation of the demographic potential through natural reproduction and migration movement of the indigenous people and newcomers. The authors examined the changes in the population structure at the time of population growth due to intensive arrivals before 1990 and the dramatic decrease as a result of the outflow in the 1990 s, which significantly changed the structure of the population, the ratio between different groups. This approach to analysis of demographic indicators may be used in elaboration of strategic plans for socio-economic development of the region. It gives an adequate assessment of the current situation, helps to formulate in strategic documents the goals and objectives of socioeconomic development, to determine the priorities in the regional demographic policy.