Suchergebnisse

Wenn man nach der Qualität demokratischer Praxis fragt, ist es immer sinnvoll, auch "vor Ort" anzusetzen und danach zu fragen, wie Demokratie lokal gelebt, wie sie von Politikern wie Bevölkerung praktiziert und erlebt wird. Im Schwerpunkt des vorliegenden Beitrags stehen die ostmalaysischen Gebiete Sabah und Sarawak und die ihnen benachbarten philippinischen Regionen Mindanaos und des Sulu-Archipels. Sabah und Sarawak wie die gegenüberliegenden philippinischen Regionen sind mehrheitlich von ethnischen bzw. religiösen Gruppen besiedelt, die nicht zur Mehrheitsbevölkerung gezählt werden und sich selbst auch als eigenständige Gruppen betrachten. Die Bevölkerung der beiden ostmalaysischen Gebiete zerfällt damit grob in drei Großgruppen: die Malaien, die in beiden Staaten eine Minderheit bilden, die ethnischen Chinesen, die vor allem im 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert in diese Regionen eingewandert sind, und schließlich die indigenen Gruppen, die die Regionen seit vielen Jahrhunderten bewohnen. Der Autor untersucht, wie demokratisch die beiden Systeme "vor Ort" tatsächlich sind. Dazu wird geklärt, inwieweit dort lebenden Minderheiten marginalisiert werden, ob sie Entwicklung auch für die "Ränder" vorantreiben und die physische Sicherheit der lokalen Bevölkerungen sicherstellen können. (ICA2)

Mindanao has had a long history on agribusiness given that the establishment of plantation agriculture and agricultural colonies served as the cornerstone of American colonial government's development policy. Hence, rubber, pineapple, abaca, and cassava plantations began operations in the early twentieth century. Despite conflict in some areas of Mindanao, particularly in the Bangsamoro region, I will show that there are successful agribusiness firms currently operating in the area. Key elements that allowed these firms to be successful are the following: partnership with an "enlightened" local strongman, knowledge and respect of the local culture and traditional leadership structure, provision of greater benefits to their farmer-partners compared to what the prevailing job opportunities in the area can offer, and self-reliance and flexibility in addressing unpredictable challenges that will arise from time to time due to the relative instability in the community. While violent conflict presents a difficult environment in which agribusiness firms can operate, the challenges it poses are not insurmountable as shown by highly profitable agribusiness companies operating in conflict areas. At present, there are strong interest indicated by other agribusiness firms to locate their operations in the Bangsamoro region, no doubt triggered by the optimism generated by the positive results on the on-going peace talks between the government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF). I argue that there is a need for the passage of the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) or any future arrangement acceptable to both parties that will allow greater selfrule among the Bangsamoro. If this happens, agribusiness can be a significant force that can contribute to uplifting the dismal socioeconomic situation in Muslim Mindanao. *due to circumstances, this abstract was not presented at ICAEM 2015.

This report consolidates written outputs from the Technical Assistance to Support the Elaboration of Mindanao Human Resource Development (HRD) Strategy, which was requested by the Mindanao Development Authority (MinDA) and undertaken by the World Bank under the auspices of the Australia-World Bank Partnership Development Trust Fund. The task was to provide technical assistance and advice to MinDA and other government agencies with HRD related mandate, to develop a medium to long-term skills development strategy for Mindanao, as a critical imperative in securing jobs and enhancing productivity that will redound to poverty reduction in the island-region. Launched in 2017, the World Bank's Mindanao Jobs Report presented a comprehensive strategy for regional development in Mindanao that will support sustainable peace and development, including job creation. Based on extensive consultations with stakeholders in Mindanao, one of the core recommendations of the report is to boost human development, specifically by addressing the growing skills shortage and rising inequality. Building on these efforts, the World Bank has been working closely with MinDA to generate discussions and identify priority actions on HRD, which were not highlighted in the Mindanao 2020 Peace and Development framework. This report enumerates a set of priority actions to prepare the human resource needed for the development of Mindanao, across its different subregions' contexts and economic corridors. It can serve as both a blue print and a springboard for subsequent collaboration with various development partners to support interventions and long-term programs in Mindanao. On 13 June 2019, MinDA Undersecretary Janet M. Lopoz apprised the Department of Finance (DOF) about a potential partnership with the World Bank to support a long-term program on skills development and employment agenda in Mindanao.

The case of the Philippines provides an interesting example of how post-colonial governments in Southeast Asia are trying to govern multiethnic nations. The Philippines, despite being the country in Asia with the most vibrant civil society, is still dealing with a war on the southern island of Mindanao - a war fuelled by, rather than abated by, national dynamics of identity-construction and social practices of democracy. This paper looks into these protracted national dynamics and their influence on the conflict in Mindanao. It further contrasts those with local, predominantly civil-society-based, approaches of identity re-construction and decision-making that have changed the situation for many communities on the ground, but that haven't so far had much impact on the national setting. Therefore, the final part of the paper assesses the impact of local civil-society initiatives and draws conclusions on how those could provide blueprints for national solutions and complement high-level peace talks. Adapted from the source document.