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This research critically examines current OHS policy/regulation as it relates to use of agricultural chemicals. We argue that the current regulatory system is inappropriate and that the problem must be viewed in a community, public health and environmental, rather than merely a workplace, context. This involves taking account of powerful market drivers such as supply chain pressures, technological developments, and the ongoing restructuring of agriculture and rural society. From a normative perspective, we consider how these forces might be shaped by government policy and civil society, and we identify points of policy leverage. Our empirical focus is on Australia, a country with a substantial agricultural sector, and (in many other respects) one which is quite advanced in how it deals with OHS issues. However we argue that Australia, in common with many other countries, has failed to deal effectively with important dimensions of the agricultural chemicals challenge. In particular, a number of policy strategies it shares with other developed industrial nations, while achieving positive results in other areas of OHS, are ill-suited to address agricultural chemical safety in the economic and structural circumstances confronting agriculture globally. Many of the challenges encountered by Australian policymakers, and their likely resolution, are mirrored elsewhere, and the issues we raise, and the solutions we propose, may have resonance for a range of other developed countries. Sections 2 - 4 of this paper outline the current regulatory framework and its limitations. In sections 5 – 7 we argue for the importance of harnessing the potential of new pest control technologies and the impact of market forces to influence farmers' pest control practices and improve agricultural OHS more generally. Finally in section 8 we explore the current and potential role of civil society in changing agvet chemical policy and practice and the ways in which the required changes can piggy-back off those needed to ensure food and environmental safety.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Preface -- Table of Contents -- Chapter 1: The U.S.D.A. Agricultural Research Service Commitment to Ground Water Research -- Chapter 2: National Survey of Pesticides in Drinking Water Wells -- Ground Water Usage -- Chapter 3: Water Conservation for More Crop Production in the Great Plains -- Chapter 4: Ground Water Conservation Techniques: Potential Impacts on Water Usage and Quality -- Chapter 5: Conjunctive Use of Surface and Ground Water in the South Platte River Basin: A Case Study of the Central Colorado Wate Water Consrervancy District -- Chapter 6: Ground Water Recharge for Oklahomaan-Analysis of Past and Future Methodology -- Chapter 7: Effects of Irrigation Practices on Stream-Connected Phreatic Aquifer Systems -- Chapter 8: Ground Water Contamination from Saltwater Intrusion and Limitations on Agricultural Activities -- Chapter 9: Economic and Environmental Impacts of Using Municipal Sewage Effluent for Agricultural Production -- Agricultural Chemical Usage -- Chapter 10: Soil Testing as a Guide to Prudent Use of Nitrogen Fertilizers in Oklahoma Agriculture -- Chapter 11: Efficient Nitrogen Fertilization in Agricultural Production Systems -- Chapter 12: Nitrates and Pesticides in Ground Water: An Analysis of a Computer-Based Literature Search -- Chapter 13: Behavior and Subsurface Transport of Agrochemicals in Conservation Systems -- Ground Water Pollution Sources and Evaluation -- Chapter 14: Impacts of Agricultural Chemicals on Ground Water Quality in Iowa -- Chapter 15: Assessing Some Potentials for Changing Agronomic Practices and Improving Ground Water Quality-Implications from a 1984 Iowa Survey -- Chapter 16: Assessment of Empirical Methodologies for Predicting Ground Water Pollution from Agricultural Chemicals.

Reducing the application of agricultural chemicals is a key point in promoting the construction of an ecological civilization and the green development of the agricultural sector. Based on statistical yearbook data from provinces which became the first national ecological civilization pilot zones in China, this paper quantitatively analyzes the impact of labor transfers and structural adjustment of agriculture on the application of agricultural chemicals by using comparative analysis and a panel data model. The results show that the amplitude of the agricultural labor force in Fujian, Guizhou, and Jiangxi decreases successively. The planting structure adjustment for grain crops is slowest in Jiangxi, while the sown area of cash crops, such as vegetables, increases at the fastest rate in Guizhou. The increase of horticultural plants, such as orchards is the most obvious in Jiangxi. The application of agricultural chemicals grows quickly. The influence of the agricultural labor force scale on the application of fertilizers and pesticides is statistically significantly negative. The ratio of the sown area of non-grain crops to the total sown area has a positive effect on the application of fertilizers and pesticides. In the context of the continuing agricultural labor transfer in China, combining the structural adjustment of agriculture and the supply of high-quality agricultural products, the government should actively guide and support new agricultural business entities in applying organic manure. Additionally, it should accelerate the development of smaller agricultural machinery that can be used for smaller land areas and by elderly people to reduce the application of chemical fertilizer and pesticide.

AbstractThis literature review outlines the most important—agricultural and non-agricultural—types of sewage sludge management. The potential of waste sludge protein hydrolysates obtained by chemical sludge conditioning was reported. The discussed areas include acidic and alkaline hydrolysis, lime conditioning, polyelectrolyte dewatering and other supporting techniques such as ultrasounds, microwave or thermal methods. The legislative aspects related to the indication of the development method and admission to various applications based on specified criteria were discussed. Particular attention was devoted to the legally regulated content of toxic elements: cadmium, lead, nickel, mercury, chromium and microelements that may be toxic: copper and zinc. Various methods of extracting valuable proteins from sewage sludge have been proposed: chemical, physical and enzymatic. While developing the process concept, you need to consider extraction efficiency (time, temperature, humidity, pH), drainage efficiency of post-extraction residues and directions of their management. The final process optimization is crucial. Despite the development of assumptions for various technologies, excess sewage sludge remains a big problem for sewage treatment plants. The high costs of enzymatic hydrolysis, thermal hydrolysis and ultrasonic methods and the need for a neutralizing agent in acid solubilization limit the rapid implementation of these processes in industrial practice.
Graphical abstract

This literature review outlines the most important—agricultural and non-agricultural—types of sewage sludge management. The potential of waste sludge protein hydrolysates obtained by chemical sludge conditioning was reported. The discussed areas include acidic and alkaline hydrolysis, lime conditioning, polyelectrolyte dewatering and other supporting techniques such as ultrasounds, microwave or thermal methods. The legislative aspects related to the indication of the development method and admission to various applications based on specified criteria were discussed. Particular attention was devoted to the legally regulated content of toxic elements: cadmium, lead, nickel, mercury, chromium and microelements that may be toxic: copper and zinc. Various methods of extracting valuable proteins from sewage sludge have been proposed: chemical, physical and enzymatic. While developing the process concept, you need to consider extraction efficiency (time, temperature, humidity, pH), drainage efficiency of post-extraction residues and directions of their management. The final process optimization is crucial. Despite the development of assumptions for various technologies, excess sewage sludge remains a big problem for sewage treatment plants. The high costs of enzymatic hydrolysis, thermal hydrolysis and ultrasonic methods and the need for a neutralizing agent in acid solubilization limit the rapid implementation of these processes in industrial practice. [Image: see text]

A.B. 2233 and S.B. 1444, 1963 session. ; Virgil O'Sullivan, chairman. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"Glyphosate and the Swirl is an ethnography of the agricultural chemical glyphosate (the active ingredient in the weed killer Roundup) that engages in the debate over the safety of the chemical in the scientific and activist communities. Vincanne Adams argues that glyphosate is an unstable and unreliable actor that has caused chemical harm despite the fact that it has radically changed our food production. Embracing speculation as integral to the scientific process, Adams theorizes the "swirl"-an unstable body that is constantly moving, concentrating and dissipating, gaining traction and losing it, and refusing to settle-to describe both the circulation of glyphosate in our environment and the evolution of public and scholarly knowledge about it"--

In today's conditions of European integration processes, the problem of the formation of agricultural land use in accordance with the strategy of sustainable development of Ukraine is of considerable interest to the study. In view of the imperfection of the functioning of the regulatory and legal framework and the instability of the political situation in the country, the problem of preservation of rational use and protection of agricultural land use becomes especially relevant. In our opinion, one of the factors contributing to the formation of sustainable agricultural land use is the agrochemical passport of the field, land, agrochemical certification. The purpose of this work is to conduct an analysis of the regulation of relations in the field of agrochemical certification in the formation of sustainable agricultural land use. The study used general scientific and special methods: analysis and synthesis, analogies and comparisons, generalizations, statistics, etc. The methodological basis of the study is an integrated approach, system-structural analysis and a dialectical method of scientific knowledge. The work substantiates that agrochemical certification of a particular site is an important tool in the formation of sustainable development of agricultural land use through the prism of interaction between the legal, technological, ecological and economic environment. The algorithm of agrochemical certification is improved, which gives a systematic representation of the process of certification. The proposed algorithm involves the structuring of nine stages of its implementation. Based on the research of the current state of agrochemical certification, its principles and tasks were generalized, as well as the functional possibilities of its carrying out, which can be taken into account when developing the Law of Ukraine "On state agrochemical certification of agricultural land".