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African American men's health & the role of men in the health care system constitute a complex story of historical oppression combined with incredible resilience & dedication. Social forces of racism & discrimination coupled with economic disadvantage have worked against the health of black men for centuries. Yet, throughout their history in the US, black men & women have been the principal providers of care to one another, relying on training at segregated yet proud medical institutions of higher learning. African American physicians & scientists have made substantial yet unappreciated contributions to medical science & practice. Still, the health status of African Americans lags behind that of whites, & the health of African American men in particular has reached crisis proportions. Future improvement in their health status will depend on improving access to effective medical insurance, eliminating biases in the health care system, increasing the representation of people of color as medical providers, & developing health education approaches that address health risks that are unique to men. 23 References. Adapted from the source document.

The first black men to enter the West were Spanish-speaking settlers from central Mexico. They were followed by free English-speaking fur traders & by slaves, primarily in TX. Some black males arrived in CA during the 1850s, initiating a voluntary migration of farmers, miners, soldiers, & cowboys through the 19th century. In the early 20th century, black men settled mainly in the cities & worked in unskilled nonunion occupations. By WWII, far more migrants had arrived in response to war-time work opportunities. War work allowed both newcomers & old residents access to skilled unionized employment for the first time. Discrimination continued, however, prompting a civil rights movement in the West in the 1960s that paralleled activities in the South. That movement opened new opportunities for the skilled & educated. However, postwar deindustrialization moved many unskilled African American men to the margins of the Western urban economy. 69 References. Adapted from the source document.

PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mentoring, job satisfaction and organizational commitment among African‐American males.Design/methodology/approachAn online questionnaire was completed by 359 African‐American males in a business setting.FindingsJob satisfaction and organizational commitment were higher for those who were being mentored versus those who were not. The multiple regression results suggested mentoring was a statistically significant predictor of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Further, the relation between mentoring and organizational commitment was mediated by job satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsCurrent organizational research is limited, in that it tends to focus on majority culture where findings can be inappropriately generalized to minority groups. Future mentoring research should include more minorities that can provide a new window for interpreting the contributions of minorities to organizational competitiveness.Practical implicationsMentoring programs should be continued and/or expanded upon to reduce the likelihood of poor job satisfaction and organizational commitment for African‐American males.Social implicationsOrganizations through their human resource efforts can contribute to the learning and development of African‐American males and other minorities by designing and implementing quality mentoring programs. Such programs could lessen the likelihood of costly under‐performance and turnover.Originality/valueThis is one of the relatively few organizational studies designed specifically for a minority group. The results have implications for how human resource professionals and managers might improve mentoring experiences for minorities.

Ch. 1. Social Theory and the Anomalous Development of Gay Resistance -- Ch. 2. The Growth and Diversification of Gay Culture -- Ch. 3. After Gay Liberation: S & M and Gender Uniformity? -- Ch. 4. The Promiscuity Paradigm, AIDS, and Gay Complicity with the Remedicalization of Homosexuality -- Ch. 5. The Initial Surrender and Eventual Tentative Reassertion of Autonomy under the Shadow of AIDS -- Ch. 6. "The Homosexual Role" and Lesbigay Roles -- Ch. 7. Couples -- Ch. 8. Gay Community -- Ch. 9. Ethnic and Temporal Differences in Coming Out and In Moving to San Francisco -- Ch. 10. Absent Laiuses: Psychiatric Fantasies in Black and Gay -- Ch. 11. Some Gay African American Self-Representations from the 1980s and 1990s -- Ch. 12. Mexican American Homosexuality -- Ch. 13. Gay Asian/Pacific Americans

The argument that children require role models of both sexes is a central theme in opposition to lesbian parenting. Challenges to this opposition have emphasised the ways in which children in lesbian families are compensated for the alleged deficit of a father. In this paper I provide an antidote to gender normalising discussions of male role models by exploring critical accounts of 'gays as role models'. The first half of the paper examines the deployment of traditional, liberal and critical discourse on male role models in relation to lesbian families. The second half provides a discourse analysis of excerpts from an interview with a lesbian couple raising three children, examining tensions in claiming gay men as positive role models for children in a lesbian family. I conclude by considering the costs and benefits of liberal and critical responses to claims about the necessity of male role models.

Gay parenting is a topic on which almost everyone has an opinion but almost nobody has any facts. Here at last is a book based on a thorough review of the literature, as well as interviews with a pioneering group of men who in the 1980s chose to become fathers outside the boundaries of a heterosexual union?through foster care, adoption, and other kinship relationships.This book reveals how very natural and possible gay parenthood can be. What factors influence this decision? How do the experiences of gay dads compare to those of heterosexual men? How effectively do professional services such a

Social Determinants of Health among African-American Men -- Contents -- Figures and Tables -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- The Editors -- The Contributors -- 1 Introduction to Social Determinants of Health among African-American Men -- The Health Status of African-American Men -- Why This Book Is Needed: Social Determinants of Health and African-American Men -- Social Determinants of Health Status -- Social Determinants of Health Behavior -- Social Determinants of Health Care -- The Need to Apply the Social Determinants of Health Model to the Health of African-American Men -- Research and Programs -- Social Policy -- Health Policy -- Summary -- Key Terms -- Discussion Questions -- Notes -- References -- Part One Social Determinants of Health Status -- 2 Implications of Racism for African-American Men's Cancer Risk, Morbidity, and Mortality -- African-American Men and Cancer -- Cultural Racism and the Social Environment -- Cultural Racism -- Social Environment -- Race-Based Residential Segregation and the Built Environment -- Discussion -- Policy Implications and Recommendations -- Summary -- Key Terms -- Discussion Questions -- Note -- References -- 3 Social Determinants of Depression and the Black Male Experience -- Depression in Black Men -- Social Determinants of Depression for Black Men -- Employment and Socioeconomic Status -- Kinship and Social Support -- Masculinities -- Stress -- Incarceration -- Methodological Challenges to the Clinical and Epidemiologic Assessment of Black Men -- Policy Implications -- Lessons Learned -- Recommendations for Addressing Depression in Black Men -- Summary -- Key Terms -- Discussion Questions -- References -- 4 Psychosocial Health of Black Sexually Marginalized Men -- Mental Health Outcomes -- Oppressive Attitudes and Beliefs: Racism and Homonegativity -- Relationship Functionality.