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Originally issued in 54 numbers, Dec. 23/30, 1715-June 29, 1716. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Enlistment record from 15th New York National Guard. Includes occupation, age, address, birthplace, height, eye color, hair color, complexion, etc.

Enlistment record from 15th New York National Guard. Includes occupation, age, address, birthplace, height, eye color, hair color, complexion, etc.

It has become a commonplace for admirers of the well-known periodical essayists of the 18th century to hail their work as a cultural expression of national satisfaction with the Protestant succession, and with the economic and political settlements that laid the foundations for the House of Hanover. Alexander Chalmers' edition of the works of 'The British Essayists' (1803) testifies to this power of the form in the previous century, as well as the medium of its continuing influence into the next. Yet the standing of the periodical essay, as an important constitutive medium of a dominant culture, does not remain fixed, but undergoes a transformation before its eventual fragmentation in the late 19th Century. Even within Chalmer's collection, it is evident that the narrative persona of the essay is undergoing a decline in social status. With the handing down of both popularity and moral authority from Addison's genteel Whig "Spectator" and Henry Mackenzie's professional Edinburgh "Lounger" to the likes of Lamb's Cockney "Elia", Leigh Hunt's "Townsman" and the street-sketching personae of Thackeray and Dickens, the essayist's transformation from patrician to pavement artist is complete. Simultaneously, the force of the essay as a consolidator of British bourgeois ideals may be seen to diminish and reassert itself as a valuable agent of cultural criticism

This response to the paper by Tony Addison & Mark McGillivray (2004), which provides evidence indicating that foreign aid can help with economic recovery & development, as well as David Roodman's (2004) comments on the Addison-McGillivray paper, suggests that the problem lies in the way the aid is allocated & the costs incurred if important areas are neglected.

BackgroundAutoimmune disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Addisons disease, the adrenal glands are targeted by destructive autoimmunity. Despite being the most common cause of primary adrenal failure, little is known about its aetiology. MethodsTo understand the genetic background of Addisons disease, we utilized the extensively characterized patients of the Swedish Addison Registry. We developed an extended exome capture array comprising a selected set of 1853 genes and their potential regulatory elements, for the purpose of sequencing 479 patients with Addisons disease and 1394 controls. ResultsWe identified BACH2 (rs62408233-A, OR = 2.01 (1.71-2.37), P = 1.66 x 10(-15), MAF 0.46/0.29 in cases/controls) as a novel gene associated with Addisons disease development. We also confirmed the previously known associations with the HLA complex. ConclusionWhilst BACH2 has been previously reported to associate with organ-specific autoimmune diseases co-inherited with Addisons disease, we have identified BACH2 as a major risk locus in Addisons disease, independent of concomitant autoimmune diseases. Our results may enable future research towards preventive disease treatment. ; Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council; Torsten Foundation; Ragnar Soderberg Foundation; European Union [201167]; Stockholm County Council; Karolinska Institutet; Swedish Society for Medical Research; Swedish Society of Medicine; NovoNordisk Foundation; Tore Nilsons Foundation for Medical Research; Swedish Research Council Formas; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Marianne and Marcus Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Reumatism Foundation; King Gustaf Vs 80-year Foundation; Ake Wiberg Foundation; AstraZeneca Science for Life Laboratory Research Collaboration grant (DIS-SECT)