recention of "The State, Power, Socialism". This book, published in 1978, is both a major testimony to the intellectual debate of the time and an inspiring reflection for contemporary critical thinking. ; Recension de "L'Etat, le pouvoir, le socialisme". Cet ouvrage, publié en 1978, constitue à la fois un témoignage majeur du débat intellectuel de l'époque et une réflexion inspirante pour la pensée critique contemporaine.
1 17 7 ; Senia ; [EN] This paper shows a genetic algorithm (GA)-based optimization procedure for gear trains design. Gear design uses simultaneous discrete (P.E. pitch) and continuous variables nonlinearly related. However, unlike GAs, most optimization methods are only suited for continuous design variables. This paper uses GAs as a tool to achieve not only the optimal design, but also a series of near-optimal designs. To achieve this objective, first the optimization problem is formulated. It must be multiobjective (maximum strength, minimum energetic losses, etc) and restricted. A mechanism to transform the constrained problem into unconstrained thought penalty functions is proposed. Recommendations on the objective function and penalty terms are also suggested. Next a design variables coding and decoding method, as well the genetic operators of reproduction, crossover and mutation are presented. Finally, it is analyzed an example in which the developed genetic algorithm has been used, comparing the obtained results from a previous optimization. ; [ES] En el presente artículo se expone un procedimiento de diseño de transmisiones de engranajes basado en los Algoritmos Genéticos (GA). En el diseño de engranajes se emplean simultáneamente variables continuas y discretas (p.e. el paso) relacionadas entre sí de forma no lineal. Sin embargo, a diferencia de los GAs, la mayoría de métodos de optimización sólo funcionan adecuadamente con variables de diseño continuas. El presente trabajo emplea los GAs como una herramienta que nos permita encontrar no sólo un diseño óptimo, sino también un conjunto de diseños cercanos al mismo. Para lograr este objetivo, en primer lugar se formula el problema de optimización. Este debe ser multiobjetivo (máxima resistencia, mínimas pérdidas energéticas, etc.) y restringido, proponiéndose un mecanismo para transformar el problema restringido en no restringido mediante el empleo de funciones de penalización. También se proponen recomendaciones sobre la elección de la función objetivo y ...
[ES] In a specific section of the Crónica de Alfonso X, there is a rapprochement to the political thinking of the Spanish nobility of the thirteenth century, as reflected in the events of 1272-1273. It is suggested that: (a) the real undeclared motive of the uprising could be the nobilary — mainly the Large — opposition to the imperial ambitions of Alfonso X; (b) the in-depth study of nobility claims reveals not only specific ambitions and interests, but also the existence of conceptions about the kingdom, society and the role of nobility in it, which conflict with initiatives articulated since the monarchy in the previous decades. ; Peer reviewed ; [ES] In a specific section of the Crónica de Alfonso X, there is a rapprochement to the political thinking of the Spanish nobility of the thirteenth century, as reflected in the events of 1272-1273. It is suggested that: (a) the real undeclared motive of the uprising could be the nobilary — mainly the Large — opposition to the imperial ambitions of Alfonso X; (b) the in-depth study of nobility claims reveals not only specific ambitions and interests, but also the existence of conceptions about the kingdom, society and the role of nobility in it, which conflict with initiatives articulated since the monarchy in the previous decades. ; [FR] À travers l'analyse du passage de la Chronique d'Alphonse X consacré aux événements des années 1272-1273, l'on tente une approche de la pensée politique de la noblesse castillane du XIIIe siècle telle que ces événements la reflètent. L'on suggère: a) que le véritable mobile, non déclaré, de la révolte a pu être l'opposition nobiliaire -principalement des Lara- aux ambitions impériales d'Alphonse X; b) que l'étude approfondie des revendications nobiliaires ne révèle pas seulement des ambitions et des intérêts particuliers, mais encore l'existence d'idées sur le royaume, la société et le rôle de la noblesse dans celle-ci qui se heurtent aux initiatives monarchiques des décennies antérieures. ; [ES] In a specific section of the Crónica ...
Rhetoric and Poetics have a long cultural and conceptual history in common. Although Aristotle claims in these treatises the autonomy of their respective disciplines, he also recognizes that they share a common domain. This paper wants to show the external and internal confluence that closely links both works and both disciplines. In the first section, we do some research on the two positions that the ancient catalogues and presentations assign to the teachings of Rhetoric and Poetics. The analyses of the second section intend to establish that the conceptual interdependence of the two disciplines occurs in the joint field of diánoia and léksiz. Finally, we argue that in thought and elocution -as we cautiously translate them- could be suggested the common history that rhetoric and poetic have had in their later development, as they were mutually and alternatively absorbed. ; La Retórica y la Poética tienen una larga historia cultural y conceptual en común. Aun cuando Aristóteles afirma en ambos tratados la autonomía de sus respectivas disciplinas, también reconoce que éstas comparten un terreno común. Este trabajo pretende mostrar la confluencia externa e interna que unió ambas obras y ambas disciplinas. En la primera sección, documentamos las dos ubicaciones que los antiguos catálogos y presentaciones asignaron a las enseñanzas de Aristóteles en la Retórica y en la Poética. Los análisis de la segunda sección intentan establecer que la interdependencia conceptual de las dos disciplinas acaece en el terreno común de la diánoia y de la léksiz. Finalmente, sostenemos que en el pensamiento y en la elocución -como tentativamente los traducimos- podría estar sugerida la historia que la retórica y la poética han tenido en su desarrollo posterior, en la medida en que fueron mutua y alternativamente absorbidas. Documento incorporado en 2018 en el marco del "Programa de becas de experiencia laboral" de la Biblioteca Profesor Guillermo Obiols para estudiantes de Bibliotecología, a partir de un procedimiento técnico de ...
This paper reviews the relations between sustainable cities and community gardens, in particular between the emergence of sustainable districts and the concomitant enthusiasm for community gardens. Based on the corpus of entries for the National Eco-Districts Competition organized in 2011 by the French State, the article investigates the incidence of such a use of collective space in the projects. It then analyzes the projections and settings of urban sustainability which are thereby revealed. Collective gardens are generally promoted as creators of a sense of community, vectors of change, bringers of challenges, mobilizations and new practices. Faced with such ideas which tend to transform the garden into surety for the global planning project, the issue is also to include avenues of thought involving more strategic political and ideological conceptions to be found behind the promotion of city gardens. ; Ce texte fait un point sur les relations entre ville durable et jardins, notamment entre l'émergence des opérations de quartiers durables et l'engouement concomitant pour les jardins collectifs. À partir du corpus constitué des dossiers de candidature présentés au Concours national EcoQuartiers organisé en 2011 par l'État français, l'article évalue l'occurrence de cette forme d'espace collectif dans les projets. Il analyse ensuite les projections et les scénographies de la durabilité urbaine que les discours de projet révèlent. Les jardins collectifs y sont généralement promus en opérateurs de proximité, vecteurs de changement, porteurs d'enjeux, de mobilisations et de pratiques divers. Devant ce type de propos qui transforme le jardin en caution du projet global d'aménagement, l'intérêt est aussi de réintégrer des pistes de réflexion quant à des saisies plus stratégiques, notamment politiques et idéologiques, que recèle la promotion des jardins dans la ville.
According to the American philosopher, John Dewey, the agreement upon which a social union could be built is an agreement in activities and their consequences, not an agreement on some propositions. The purpose of this article is to explore the way such a view is connected with the operations of the kind of liberal state Dewey had in mind, that is the use of governmental action in taking care of the interest of all those who are affected by activities carried by others.
National audience areas of Ecological, Faunistic and floristic Interest Zones (ZNIEFF) draw up an inventory and map the national natural heritage. The debate on their interest in spatial planning questions their legitimacy and scientific basis. In this article we present the knowledge and methods used in their creation and their limitations. We illustrate the evolution of knowledge by comparing inventories in Languedoc-Roussillon and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (PACA). ZNIEFF provides an understanding of conservation issues, enabling the conditions for biodiversity to be taken into account in public planning policies. They reveal our difficulties in measuring biodiversity and thinking about nature. ; National audience Les Zones Naturelles d'Intérêts Ecologiques, Faunistiques et Floristiques (ZNIEFF) mettent en inventaire et cartographient le patrimoine naturel national. Le débat sur leur intérêt dans l'aménagement du territoire questionne leur légitimité et leur assise scientifiques. Dans cet article nous présentons les connaissances et méthodes utilisées lors de leur création ainsi que leurs limites. Nous illustrons l'évolution de la connaissance par la comparaison des inventaires en régions Languedoc-Roussillon et Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (PACA). Les ZNIEFF constituent un porter-à-connaissance des enjeux de conservation permettant la prise en compte des conditions d'existence de la biodiversité dans les politiques publiques de planification. Elles révèlent nos difficultés à mesurer la biodiversité et à nous penser dans la nature.
[ES] The intensification of international migration flows has now led to multiple reflections on what a correct national migration policy might be. In addition to this trend, in this article we express some considerations on the ethical implications of migration policies. Our starting point is the analysis of two concepts with preferably divergent significance. We refer to the terms 'solidarity and citizenship', the functioning and meaning of which in the 'politically correct' narrative — indefinite and indefinite — we study. The different models of state in the 'western world' are discussed below. This facilitates the understanding of the cultural political factors of international migration, which we discuss in the last section. ; Peer reviewed ; [ES] The intensification of international migration flows has now led to multiple reflections on what a correct national migration policy might be. In addition to this trend, in this article we express some considerations on the ethical implications of migration policies. Our starting point is the analysis of two concepts with preferably divergent significance. We refer to the terms 'solidarity and citizenship', the functioning and meaning of which in the 'politically correct' narrative — indefinite and indefinite — we study. The different models of state in the 'western world' are discussed below. This facilitates the understanding of the cultural political factors of international migration, which we discuss in the last section. ; [EN] The intensification of international migratory flows in recent years has provoked much thinking as to what might be an appropriate national migratory policy. Following this tendency, in this article we present several considerations relating to the ethical implications of migratory policies. Our point of departure for this discussion consists in the analysis of two concepts, which we believe differ in meaning. We refer to the terms solidarity and citizenship, whose function and meaning in "politically correct" discourse (undefined and ...
Peer reviewed ; [EN] The severe crisis affecting the society, economy and the Spanish political situation also has a geographical dimension. Its effects have been very uneven depending on the vulnerability of the territories, which is related to their trajectory and their exposure to risk associated with the growth model followed in recent decades. This paper analyzes the impact of the crisis in the Spanish provinces by fifteen indicators explaining its different intensity and offers some final thoughts on recovery strategies. ; [ES] La profunda crisis que ha afectado a la sociedad, la economía y la situación política española tiene también una dimensión geográfica. Sus efectos han sido muy desiguales según la vulnerabilidad de los territorios, que se relaciona con su trayectoria y su grado de exposición al riesgo asociado al modelo de crecimiento seguido en las últimas décadas. El artículo analiza el impacto de la crisis en las provincias españolas a partir de quince indicadores, interpreta su diferente intensidad y propone algunas reflexiones finales sobre estrategias de recuperación.
[ES] This study aims to show that a proper understanding of Miguel de Unamuno's political thinking and performance requires a thorough knowledge of the author's metaphysics. The evolution of his philosophical life, closely linked to his existential development, marked not only his ideology but also his way of understanding and doing history and society. In this respect, four axes of intersection between politics and metaphysics have been identified. Although he himself considered that his main political commitment lies in his written pleadings, his participation in national life was decisive. Spiritual maturation led him to abandon the utopian approaches of socialism and to defend positions where the spiritual dimension of humans takes precedence. Thanks to them, Mr Miguel clearly identified the danger of both fascist and communist approaches; actively addressing the demonstrations of both in Spain. For him, the mission of the country was based on the fundamental task of living and defending the philosophy of the tragic sentiment of life. ; Peer reviewed ; [ES] This study aims to show that a proper understanding of Miguel de Unamuno's political thinking and performance requires a thorough knowledge of the author's metaphysics. The evolution of his philosophical life, closely linked to his existential development, marked not only his ideology but also his way of understanding and doing history and society. In this respect, four axes of intersection between politics and metaphysics have been identified. Although he himself considered that his main political commitment lies in his written pleadings, his participation in national life was decisive. Spiritual maturation led him to abandon the utopian approaches of socialism and to defend positions where the spiritual dimension of humans takes precedence. Thanks to them, Mr Miguel clearly identified the danger of both fascist and communist approaches; actively addressing the demonstrations of both in Spain. For him, the mission of the country was based on the ...
This article examines the fortune, paradoxical in many respects, of the Lettre à d'Alembert sur les spectacles in French theatre theory and practice during the mid-twentieth century. While Rousseau seems to suggest that the theatre is morally and politically noxious, his ideas, similar to Diderot's, have left their mark on theatre reformers, like Louis-Sebastien Mercier (eighteenth century) and Romain Rolland (nineteenth century). The latter assured the posterity of these ideas in his own theater through his own experience of theatre, that is, of Maurice Pottecher in Bussang, of Gemier and, during the Libération, of Jean Vilar and the Festival d'Avignon. After the war, Rousseau's memories permeate Jean Vilar's theories and texts from the first issues of the journal Théâtre populaire, particularly in articles by Roland Barthes and Jean Duvignaud. The critique of the social experience determined by Italian-style theatre and its replacement by new experiences in large and open venues (as in Avignon) are based upon Rousseau's thought. The theorist's influence is also palpable when one considers how the fête was conceptualized from 1954 until the early 1970s. ; L'article examine la fortune, paradoxale à bien des égards, de la Lettre à d'Alembert sur les spectacles dans la théorie et la pratique théâtrales au milieu du XXe siècle. Alors que Rousseau semblait conclure sans appel à la nocivité morale et politique du théâtre, ses idées, rapprochées de celles de Diderot, ont marqué de leur empreinte les réformateurs du théâtre, comme Louis-Sébastien Mercier, au XVIIIe siècle, ou, à la fin du XIXe, Romain Rolland. Ce dernier leur a assuré une postérité dans son propre théâtre, à travers les expériences théâtrales de son époque, celles de Maurice Pottecher à Bussang ou de Gémier, puis, à la Libération, celles de Jean Vilar et du festival d'Avignon. Après la guerre, les souvenirs de Rousseau imprègnent en effet les théories de Jean Vilar et les textes des premiers numéros de la revue Théâtre populaire, notamment les articles ...
When thinking about the political persistency of certain historical manifestations of vanguard art, we find that complex relationships in different instances and times of the twentieth century have occurred between political programs, spatio-temporal contexts and diverse forms of artistic practice. We could say that different modes of these relationships have led to major transformations in the field of art and in our ways of understanding its ontology and functioning. The work of the Latin American avant-garde and neo-avant- garde seems to be the key to these transformations in our latitudes. From their experiments, the old and ossified classifications and hierarchies exploded. The stalled and well circumscribed compartments of the fields of visual, plastic, literary, theatrical, sculptural, musical, sonourus, pictorial, politics, etc. become, with the development of artistic modernity, a great bunch of indeterminate resources, strategies and possibilities of representation, expression, communication and resiliency. We care about some particular disciplinary hybridizations and expansions, especially in the context of communion between action, image and speech in certain practices of conceptualism of Argentine (neo) avant-garde that linger echoes of their even today. We will focus in the work of unclassifiable artist Alberto Greco, especially in its Vivo Dito, since his artworks constitute a memorable and paradigmatic landmark in the genealogy of the policies of Latin American art. ; Pensando en la vigencia política de ciertas manifestaciones históricas del arte de vanguardia, nos encontramos con las complejas relaciones que en diferentes momentos del siglo xx se dieron entre programas políticos, contextos espacio-temporales, y diversas formas de la práctica artística. Puede decirse que los diferentes modos de estas relaciones dieron lugar a las transformaciones más importantes operadas en el campo del arte y en nuestras maneras de comprender su ontología y funcionamiento. El trabajo de las vanguardias y las ...
The body is a core category in diverse feminist theories; it even continues to be the trigger of various debates at present. The purpose of this paper is to draw a map across the work of three main representatives of the Feminist Theory: Simone de Beauvoir, Luce Irigaray and Judith Butler. First, we present the concepts of body which are characteristic of each author's work. Then, the main differences among these three ideas are underlined. Finally, we face the challenge of finding possible similarities between these initially heterogeneous proposals, taking into account the idea of the body as a theoretical device which operates as a territory where the argumentative strategies of every system of ideas lie. We expect that the map proposed allows for a shift from the question regarding what the body, ultimately, is, towards a conception that admits the proliferation of various bodies depending on the political and ideological views that underlie such a category. ; El cuerpo constituye una categoría nuclear para la teoría feminista en sus diferentes versiones, incluso aún en nuestros días continúa siendo sede de múltiples debates. Este trabajo se propone marcar un recorrido por tres referentes vinculadas a la Teoría Feminista: Simone de Beauvoir, Luce Irigaray y Judith Butler. Inicialmente se trazan las líneas conceptuales en torno al cuerpo que irrumpen en sus principales obras. A partir de allí, se destacan las diferencias entre sus concepciones. Finalmente, y a partir de la idea que refiere al cuerpo en tanto artefacto teórico que opera como un territorio donde se anclan las estrategias argumentativas de cada sistema de pensamiento, se afronta el desafío de ensayar posibles convergencias entre las propuestas inicialmente heterogéneas. Se espera que el recorrido propuesto permita un desplazamiento desde el interrogante respecto a qué es, en última instancia, el cuerpo hacia una concepción que admita la proliferación de múltiples cuerpos en función de las coordenadas político-ideológicas que subyacen a tal ...
This article proposes to analyse the way in which the body is addressed in the philosophical works of Judith Butler. The constructionism that characterizes her initial articles has been widely spread in the contemporary debates about sex and gender diversity, since in those articles she links the body to a discursive ontology that denounces the contingent and unnecessary welding between body –which is considered as the substantial and natural basis of gender and sexuality– and subjective identities. Such an epistemological turn, however, entails the problem of the dissolution of the material body as a strong foundation for various political claims. From this point on, some argumentative lines will be drawn parting from different segments of the author's thought. These lines tend to present a complex notion of the body, clung to the idea of vulnerability. ; El presente artículo se propone analizar el modo en que la obra filosófica de Judith Butler aborda el cuerpo. El construccionismo social que caracteriza sus textos iniciales ha cobrado gran difusión en los debates contemporáneos sobre la diversidad sexo-genérica, pues allí la autora vincula al cuerpo a una ontología discursiva que denuncia la soldadura contingente y no necesaria entre cuerpo –pretendida base sustancial y natural del género y la sexualidad– y las identidades subjetivas. Tal giro epistemológico, sin embargo, genera el problema de la disolución del cuerpo material como fundamento sólido para reclamos políticos diversos. A partir de aquí se extraen líneas argumentativas de diferentes segmentos del pensamiento de la autora tendientes a presentar una noción compleja de cuerpo anclada en la idea de vulnerabilidad. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales
International audience Almost twenty years ago, Sheila Carapico made the case for the development of Arabian Peninsula studies as an alternative to the growing field of Gulf studies. A wider regional approach, she argued, would better highlight the numerous connections and flows between Yemen and the six monarchies of the Peninsula. Such a framework is as relevant now as it was then. For example, since 2015, the military intervention in Yemen's civil war by a Saudi-led coalition has brutally embodied the notion of intraregional entanglement at the level of the Arabian Peninsula. Progress toward a wider scholarly approach has been slow and driven by circumstance more than intellectual commitment and self-reflexive thinking. While few academics or research projects have deliberately followed Carapico's invitation, changes in knowledge production suggest that research on Yemen is increasingly informed by a Peninsular-wide framing.
