Suchergebnisse

This thesis seeks to address the theoretical underpinnings of failed US-Russian relations in the post-Soviet era. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, each United States President has attempted to "reset" relations with Russia in hopes of a more positive, cooperative relationship. Significant international events during each of these presidential administrations have hindered progress in US-Russian relations, thus reset attempts have failed. I will be using the work of Russian political scientist Boris Mezhuyev on Civilizational Realism to see if this new approach to international relations theory and US-Russia relations is accurate in explaining state behavior and therefore the reasoning behind such failed reset attempts. I argue that civilizational realism provides a valid explanation of US-Russian relations by acknowledging the civilizational ideologies and values of both Russia and the US that consequently shape national identity, national interest, and therefore foreign policy.

Presents results of an investigation of the inflation‐hedging characteristics of UK property. Evaluates the various methods of decomposing inflation into its "expected" and "unexpected" components, using new time series data on inflation expectations produced by a questionnaire survey of informed market participants. Utilizes the power and suitability of causality and cointegration analysis to examine the relationship between inflation and property returns. Analyses the sensitivity of the results about the hedging capabilities of property to the removal valuation induced "smoothing" from property returns. Concludes that property is best seen as offering hedging characteristics that are only revealed in the long run.

The territory of research on landscape-geographical zoning is confined to the Precarpathians - part of the Western Ukraine, within the Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Chernivtsi regions (Kravchuk, 1999). It stretches a relatively narrow strip between the Dniester valley and the northeastern foothills of the Ukrainian Carpathians (Koinov, 2014). Coenopopulations of four species of the genus Polygonatum Mill (Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) All., Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce., Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All., Polygonatum latifolium Desf.) were studied within the seven territorial divisions of the Precarpathian region. We studied these species at 59 research sites dedicated to 14 types of habitats (Didukh, 2011).
The studied biotopes of the Precarpathian region are characterized by a number of edaphic and climatic indices. The humus content is 1.94–2.98 %, reaching the maximum values in the biotopes of the Pokutsk hills, and the minimum – in the Kalush (Limnitsko - Bolokhiv) basin. The average soil solution response rates are very acidic within the Storozhynets strand (pH (saline) – 4.33 units); strongly acidic level – within the Kalush and Stanislav basin and Pokuttia height (pH (salt) – 4.68; 4.82 and 4.76 units, respectively); slightly acidic level - within the Upper Dniester Basin and Voynylivskyi hills (pH (salt) – 5.34) and Chernivtsi hills (pH (salt) – 5.05). The moisture content, the amount of active temperatures and the level of illumination vary greatly depending on the type of biotope. The soils of wetland alder habitats are characterized by maximum moisture content (> 40%) and the minimum - the biotopes along the highways and abandoned pastures (<20 %). The sum of active temperatures at a depth of 20 cm is highest in non-forested areas with a low degree of loosening. The minimum level of illumination (in the range of 760 - 900 lux) was stated in forest biotopes, the maximum (> 2000 lux) was found in biotopes of abandoned pastures and hay meadows. Soils within the studied Precarpathian biotopes are characterized by low and medium supply of N, P and high content of K. The weighted average value of mobile phosphorus varies from 39.49 mg / kg in the biotopes of the Kalush Basin to 81.18 mg / kg in the biotopes of the Chernivtsi Upland; of hydrolyzed Nitrogen - from 68.07 in the biotopes of the Kalush Basin to 83.93 - Storozhynets Strand. The highest weighted average values of mobile potassium content were found within the Pokuttia Upland (150.70 mg/kg), the lowest – the Voynyliv Upland (84.1 mg/kg).

The article is a summary of the author's report on May 19, 2022 at the round table "Russia and the World: between East and West" within the framework of the permanent seminar "Global Factors of Modern Public Policy" organized by the Departments of Public Policy and Russian Politics of the Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University and the Academy of Political Science. The various interpretations of the concept of civilization in the scientific literature are analyzed, the conclusion is substantiated that it is necessary to combine the principles and mechanisms of interaction of the immutable logic of the general historical imperatives and the requirements of the domestic political tradition. The task of developing a socio-political theory of space, characteristics and features of the civilizational path of Russia is identified as urgent priorities.

PurposeDid the Soviet development strategy of according high priority to firms in heavy industry give these firms an advantage during Russia's transition to a market‐oriented economy? This paper seeks to answer this question.Design/methodology/approachTo document industry variation in efficiency between priority and non‐priority sectors, the paper uses firm‐level data collected in 1992 and 1995 to estimate a stochastic frontier production function for 11 industries. It then aims to investigate which firm characteristics contributed to variation in technical efficiency between 1992 and 1995.FindingsFirms in low‐priority sectors exhibited higher efficiency in 1992 than firms in high‐priority sectors; by 1995, efficiency differences diminish. Efficiency gains were relatively higher in industries which experienced the largest percentage output declines. Non‐state ownership tends to improve efficiency, but the ownership effect varies by industry and over time. The paper rejects the hypothesis that export experience increases efficiency, and this result is especially strong in 1995. Location in Moscow proved to be a positive factor, and the benefit grew over time.Research limitations/implicationsPanel data were not used because near‐hyper‐inflationary conditions and changes in capital valuation methods make it impossible to accurately adjust output and capital values between 1992 and 1995; and because firms that divided into multiple units or changed industry classification between 1992 and 1995 would need to be dropped, reducing sample size considerably and making industry‐level analysis impossible.Practical implicationsThe paper provides a baseline for analyzing the impact of the transition on the performance of Russian manufacturing firms. It evaluates the influence of location (capital city effect) on firm performance, and demonstrates that privatization alone is not sufficient to improve efficiency.Originality/valueThis is the first study to examine the initial impact of transition on the efficiency of Russian firms across 11 industries, with focus on differences between former priority and non‐priority sectors. The results underscore the magnitude of structural dislocation caused by planners' preferences in the former Soviet economy.

Aus russischer Sicht

Abstract
To build up the empirical description of elf's morphosyntactic system, this study examines Thai elf users' characteristics of relative clauses and analyses the causes underlying their use of the construction. Data were taken from the writing of 116 advanced and upper-intermediate English majors at a university in Bangkok. The results indicated that Thai elf users' relative clauses exhibit preferences for unmarked and explicit structures. Both linguistic and functional causes are responsible for their production of the construction: they form relative clauses full of basic and transparent structures in order to ensure simple and successful communication. The overall results reveal the nature of elf communication. Although Thai elf users' relative clauses are associated with some specific patterns, their use of this grammatical construction is governed by general linguistic processes which have been found to operate in the interactions of many groups of elf speakers, especially at the phonological and pragmatic levels.