Suchergebnisse

The aim of this publication is to provide an international framework (the "framework") which defines the basic requirements and performance criteria needed for an industrial park to qualify as an Eco-Industrial Park (EIP). It summarizes the areas in which the international organizations that have authored this framework — the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO), the World Bank Group, and the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH — have aligned to define an Eco-Industrial Park (EIP). The purpose of this publication is three-fold, namely: (i) to assist stakeholders to develop and transition to EIPs; (ii) to consistently engage with, encourage, and recognize EIPs; and (iii) to improve the performance, sustainability and inclusiveness of the industrial sector and move toward an international standard on EIPs. UNIDO, the World Bank Group, and GIZ are supporting governments and industrial park practitioners to develop EIPs in different countries and contexts. EIPs can be defined as industrial areas that promote cross-industry and community collaboration for common benefits related to economic, social and environmental performance. These goals are incorporated into the siting, planning, management, and operations of EIPs.Industrial parks are known by different names, including: industrial areas, industrial zones, industrial investment regions, special economic zones, and industrial corridors, and they are planned and developed for industrial activities and associated commercial and infrastructure services. The concentration of economic activities in industrial parks require that they are sustainable. There are currently a number of tools and processes which assist governments and industrial park stakeholders to implement inclusive and sustainable industrial development. However, a consolidated and targeted framework for EIPs is largely lacking at the international level. Increasingly, countries and industrial park stakeholders request 'standards' or benchmarks for pursuing sustainability as envisioned by EIPs. An innovative approach to such requests is to set "prerequisites" or "sustainability performance requirements" 1 for industrial parks, covering regulatory compliance and socio-economic, environmental, and management standards. These standards provide benchmarks for assessing existing industrial parks, retrofitting existing parks, or planning new EIPs. The EIP Framework presented in this document contains these prerequisites and performance requirements, which are outlined in tables in Section 4. These are international and inclusive in scope, and are relevant to all industrial parks, irrespective of what they are called. They are also relevant to stakeholders in the private and public sectors in which these industrial parks are located. The EIP Framework can inform stakeholder networks, and be used by UNIDO, the World Bank Group and GIZ to promote EIPs globally. Legislation by national governments of the regulations, activities and structures governing industrial parks varies considerably across the world, and so the framework recognizes the need to consider local contexts and sensitivities when applying these requirements.

This report provides the results of the assessment of the Public Procurement system of the Republic of Kazakhstan using the Methodology for Assessing Procurement Systems (MAPS)1 and its various steps, including the validation process. Kazakhstan has a dual public procurement system, in which there are separate systems for a) the government procurement conducted by the general public administration and b) procurement conducted by Sovereign Wealth Fund Samruk-Kazyna, which accounts for the majority of public procurement spending. This MAPS assessment covers both. Due to the nature of the system, this MAPS assessment has to integrated parts and assessments of a) the government procurement system and b) of Samruk-Kazyna's procurement system. This assessment report identifies key findings, lays out the strengths of the analyzed procurement systems and the remaining challenges, and provides a series of recommendations to address those challenges and allow for future improvement.

The aim of this publication is to provide an international framework (the "Framework") with the minimum requirements and performance expectations as to how an industrial park can become an Eco-Industrial Park (EIP). It summarizes the key areas in which the three international organizations that have driven the development of this framework — including the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO), the World Bank Group, and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ) — have aligned regarding what constitutes an Eco-Industrial Park (EIP). The International Framework for Eco-Industrial Parks will guide policymakers and practitioners on the critical elements that will help both governments and the private sector work together in establishing economically, socially and environmentally sustainable eco-industrial parks.

The Africa Competitiveness Report 2015 comes out at a promising time for the continent: for 15 years growth rates have averaged over 5 percent, and rapid population growth holds the promise of a large emerging consumer market as well as an unprecedented labor force that - if leveraged - can provide significant growth opportunities. Moreover, the expansion of innovative business models, such as mobile technology services, is indicative of the continents growth potential. However, Africa continues to be largely agrarian, with an economy that is underpinned by resource-driven growth and a large and expanding informal sector. Indeed, more than a decade of consistently high growth rates have not yet trickled down to significant parts of the population: nearly one out of two Africans continue to live in extreme poverty, and income inequality in the region remains among the highest in the world. What is more, across sectors - from agriculture to manufacturing and services - productivity levels remain low. It will be necessary to raise productivity across all sectors of the economy to achieve higher growth and create quality employment, and turn this progress into sustainable inclusive growth.

Almost four years since the onset of the global financial and economic crisis, unemployment and underemployment remain stubbornly high in many G20 countries, and many workers remain trapped in low paid, often informal, jobs with little social protection. Job creation has been anemic in many countries, too slow to fully reabsorb the mass of unemployed and underemployed or, particularly in some emerging market economies, to keep pace with labour force growth and the pressures of rural-urban migration. This raises concerns about the long-term negative effects on human capital, growing inequality and lower future output growth. The political pressures are high, and the risk of a drift towards protectionist measures aimed at 'keeping jobs at home' cannot be ignored. While there is substantial variation in national contexts, G20 countries can help minimize these risks through collective and collaborative work aimed at identifying and implementing credible policy reforms that will boost job creation, employment and the quality of jobs. The report aims at providing a preliminary review of countries' experiences against the backdrop of an evolving economic outlook and could form the basis of a more in-depth analysis, should Ministers request it. Improving labour market outcomes involves several challenges relating to both the quantity and quality aspects of job creation. There is a need in all countries to harness growth to generate labour market opportunities that correspond to labour force growth.

Front Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- China's Health System -- Report Background and Structure -- The Recommendations -- Implementation of Health Care Reforms -- Notes -- Introduction -- China's Road to Health Care Reform -- Report Objectives and Audience -- Report Structure -- References -- 1 Impressive Gains, Looming Challenges -- Introduction -- China's Changing Health Care Needs -- Health System Reform in China: A Brief Overview -- Meeting China's Health Care Needs: Key Challenges -- Impact of Selected Policy Changes on Health Expenditures -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 2 Lever 1: Shaping Tiered Health Care Delivery with People-Centered Integrated Care -- The People-Centered Integrated Care (PCIC) Model -- Benefits of Adopting PCIC -- Challenges to PCIC Implementation in China -- Core Action Areas and Implementation Strategies -- Moving Forward on the PCIC Core Action Areas -- Annex 2A Summary of PCIC Impact Findings by Case Studies -- Annex 2B Methodology and Summaries of 22 PCIC Performance Improvement Initiatives Described in the Case Studies -- Annex 2C Characteristics of Care Integration Initiatives Involving Hospitals -- Notes -- References -- 3 Lever 2: Improving Quality of Care -- Introduction -- Conceptualizing, Assessing, and Improving the Quality of Care -- QoC Challenges in China -- China's Health Care Regulatory and Policy Environment -- International Experience in Improving Health System Quality -- Recommendations to China for Improving the Quality of Care -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 4 Lever 3: Engaging Citizens in Support of the PCIC Model -- Introduction -- Challenges to Engaging Citizens -- Two Routes to Engage People to Improve Health Outcomes and Restore Trust.

Development involves change, but many development initiatives produce unimpressive results. The authors ask why and consider how to close the gap between the intended change and what we actually see in the evidence. This paper presents the findings of a study, initiated by the multi-donor Global Leadership Initiative and led by the World Bank Institute (WBI), to examine leadership in the change processes of fourteen capacity development interventions in eight developing countries, through 140 in-depth structured interviews. It explores what it takes to make change happen and in particular, the role leadership plays in effecting change. The authors propose that leadership contributes to change when it builds "change space" by fostering acceptance for change, granting authority for change, introducing or freeing the abilities necessary to achieve change. This "change space" is required to ensure contextual readiness for change and foster progress through the difficult stages of the change process. An analytical framework is introduced to illustrate the dimensions of this "change space" and its limits in organizational and social change. The authors argue that a lack of "change space" in many development contexts may be overlooked, contributing to failure. The paper concludes that leadership manifests in different ways in different contexts, depending on the contextual readiness and factors that shape change and leadership opportunities; but the key characteristics of plurality, functionality, problem orientation and "change space" creation are likely to be common to all successful leadership-led change events.

This evaluation assesses the Bank Group's support for environmental sustainability-in both the public and private sectors-over the past 15 years. It identifies several crucial constraints that need to be addressed, perhaps most importantly insufficient government commitment to environmental goals and weak institutional capacity to deal with them. But constraints within the Bank Group, including insufficient attention to longer-term sustainable development, must be reduced as well. The Bank Group needs improved systems in place-across the World Bank, IFC, and MIGA-to monitor environmental outcomes and to assess impacts. Better coordination among the three parts of the Bank Group is also among the key challenges.

While Tanzania has been at the forefront of creating a positive legal framework and political context for gender equality, certain legal, regulatory, and administrative barriers still hinder women's full participation in private sector development. This report analyzes these barriers and makes recommendations for needed change, to ensure women's full contribution to private sector development and economic growth in Tanzania. Building on intensive stakeholder consultations and the findings of numerous studies, notably the MKURABITA diagnostic and the 2003/4 Investment Climate Assessments for Tanzania and Zanzibar, this report examines these gender-related barriers to growth and investment. It highlights legal and administrative constraints that have a disproportionately negative effect on female-headed businesses, and makes recommendations for needed reforms. Addressing these issues would not only help unlock the full economic potential of women, but would help improve the environment for all businesses in Tanzania. While Tanzania's economic growth has been strong, this report finds that if the country were to bring female secondary schooling and female total years of schooling to the same level as now enjoyed by males, this could produce up to an additional annual percentage point of growth - a valuable contribution to achieving the 6-8 percent annual growth targets of the National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP or MKUKUTA).

The process of rural-urban transformation presents both opportunities and challenges for development. If managed effectively, it can result in growth that benefits everyone; if managed poorly, it can lead to stark welfare disparities and entire regions cut off from the advantages of agglomeration economies. The importance of rural-urban transition has been confirmed by two consecutive World Development Reports: WDR 2008 Agriculture for Development; and WDR 2009 Reshaping Economic Geography. Focusing on Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, this book picks up where the WDRs left off, investigating the influence of country conditions and policies on the pace, pattern, and consequences of rural-urban transition and suggesting strategies to ensure that its benefits results in shared improvements in well-being. The book uncovers vast inequalities, whether between two regions of one country, between rural and urban areas, or within cities themselves. The authors find little evidence to suggest that these inequalities will automatically diminish as countries develop: empirical and qualitative analysis suggests that spatial divides are mainly a function of country conditions, policies and institutions. By implication, policymakers must take active steps to ensure that rural-urban transition results in shared growth. Spatially unbiased provision of health and education services is crucial to ensuring that the benefits of transition are shared by all. But connective infrastructure and targeted interventions also emerge as important considerations, even in countries with severely constrained fiscal and administrative capacity. The authors suggest steps for navigating the tricky political economy of land reforms. And they alert readers to potential spillover effects that mean that policies designed for one space can have unintended consequences on

This book sets forth issues and experiences from the World Congress on Communication for Development, held in Rome in late 2006. Mixing theory, practice, and lessons from the field, it shows that communication for development can help with effective design and implementation of development initiatives and can lead to more sustainable results. With a focus on communications in health, sustainable development, and governance, this book with accompanying DVD provides a benchmark and identifies the main challenges for communication for development in the new millennium