Suchergebnisse

Esta investigación, que partió de las conclusiones obtenidas en el proyecto "Los estudios del futuro aplicados a la formulación de políticas públicas desde la perspectiva crítica del pensamiento complejo", se propuso explorar, indagar y analizar críticamente la relación entre prospectiva y políticas públicas en la Argentina en el período 1950–2016. Se tomó como fecha de partida el primer año en el que esta modalidad de la previsión se aplicó en nuestro país, y como cierre el año de inicio de nuestro proceso de indagación. En ese sentido, buscó identificar las estrategias, producciones, caminos y experiencias prospectivas más relevantes, realizadas desde el ámbito público durante el período observado, así como reflejar y reflexionar en torno de las posibles acciones má s eficaces en relación con los escenarios futuros previstos a nivel global, regional y local para el año 2030.El abordaje metodológico fue de carácter cualitativo, basado en técnicas de investigación como el análisis documental y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Por ello, se realizó un extenso trabajo de relevamiento y selecció n de fuentes histó ricas oficiales, informes de programas prospectivos clá sicos de cada período y publicaciones recientes, como así también entrevistas con actores clave a cargo de programas prospectivos en ministerios e institutos estatales de nivel nacional en época reciente.Como resultado, en este trabajo se sistematizan los antecedentes de la previsió n, planificació n y prospectiva en Argentina realizados desde el ámbito público nacional desde el inicio del período mencionado hasta la actualidad. Asimismo, se identifican los principales escenarios propuestos y la caracterización de las políticas públicas en ellos implicadas, muchas de las cuales se modifican no solo como consecuencia de los cambios de forma de gobierno, democracias o dictaduras, sino también de concepciones respecto del modelo de estado y del modelo de desarrollo.Nuestra conclusión sustenta la idea de que los procesos de formulación de las políticas públicas requieren desarrollarse de manera abierta e interactiva, garantizando el acceso y la participación plena y permanente de miembros de todos los niveles de la sociedad civil en cada una de sus distintas fases, incorporando alternativas para la revisión y ajuste permanente entre los momentos de formulación y aplicación, con el objeto de optimizar los resultados esperados a partir de la superación del encierro en la mirada de los expertos, en la que se ha incurrido con magros resultados en el período observado. Es por ello que se vuelve fundamental la superación de la simplificació n tecnocrática de la noción de previsión: la crisis de la visión lineal del progreso y la subestimación política de la contingencia y la complejidad de las sociedades de hoy requieren de nuevas aproximaciones. Para ello, resulta clave la integración de las metodologías y técnicas de los estudios del futuro a la formulación de políticas públicas desde la perspectiva crítica del pensamiento complejo.

A search for the production of a pair of top squarks at the LHC is presented. This search targets a region of parameter space where the kinematics of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar, because of the mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino being close to the top quark mass. The search is performed with 35.9 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √ s =13 TeV, collected by the CMS detector in 2016, using events containing one electron-muon pair with opposite charge. The search is based on a precise estimate of the top quark pair background, and the use of the MT2 variable, which combines the transverse mass of each lepton and the missing transverse momentum. No excess of events is found over the standard model predictions. Exclusion limits are placed at 95% confidence level on the production of top squarks up to masses of 208 GeV for models with a mass difference between the top squark and the lightest neutralino close to that of the top quark. ; Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science — EOS" — be.h project n. 30820817; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendület ("Momentum") Program and the J´anos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850 and 125105 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia María de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.).

[Background] Population demography and gene flow among African groups, as well as the putative archaic introgression of ancient hominins, have been poorly explored at the genome level. ; [Results] Here, we examine 15 African populations covering all major continental linguistic groups, ecosystems, and lifestyles within Africa through analysis of whole-genome sequence data of 21 individuals sequenced at deep coverage. We observe a remarkable correlation among genetic diversity and geographic distance, with the hunter-gatherer groups being more genetically differentiated and having larger effective population sizes throughout most modern-human history. Admixture signals are found between neighbor populations from both hunter-gatherer and agriculturalists groups, whereas North African individuals are closely related to Eurasian populations. Regarding archaic gene flow, we test six complex demographic models that consider recent admixture as well as archaic introgression. We identify the fingerprint of an archaic introgression event in the sub-Saharan populations included in the models (~ 4.0% in Khoisan, ~ 4.3% in Mbuti Pygmies, and ~ 5.8% in Mandenka) from an early divergent and currently extinct ghost modern human lineage. ; [Conclusion] The present study represents an in-depth genomic analysis of a Pan African set of individuals, which emphasizes their complex relationships and demographic history at population level. ; This study was funded by the Spanish MINECO grants CGL-2013-44351-P, CGL-2016-75389-P, and the "Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu" MDM2014-0370. BLG was supported with a Beatriu de Pinós (BP-DGR 2014) fellowship. O.L. was supported by a Ramón y Cajal grant from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MEIC) with reference RYC-2013-14797, a BFU2015-68759-P (MEIC/FEDER) grant and the support of Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya (GRC 2017 SGR 937). O.L. also acknowledges the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MEIC) to the EMBL partnership; Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa; CERCA Programme / Generalitat de Catalunya; the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MEIC) through the Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Generalitat de Catalunya through Departament de Salut and Departament d'Empresa i Coneixement; the co-financing by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MEIC) with funds from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) corresponding to the 2014-2020 Smart Growth Operating Program. GSV was supported by a FI (2017FI_B2 00010) scholarship. LFKK was supported by an FPI fellowship associated with BFU2014-55090-P (MINECO/FEDER, UE). VNP was financially supported by the Ministry of Health, Government of Catalonia [grant SLT002/16/00496] and a grant from Otto A. Malmi Foundation (Finland). TMB is supported by BFU2017-86471-P (MINECO/FEDER, UE), U01 MH106874 grant, Howard Hughes International Early Career, Obra Social >La Caixa> and Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca and CERCA Programme del Departament d'Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya (GRC 2017 SGR 880).

Elite soccer teams that participate in European competitions need to have players in the best physical and psychological status possible to play matches. As a consequence of congestive schedule, controlling the training load (TL) and thus the level of effort and fatigue of players to reach higher performances during the matches is therefore critical. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to provide the first report of seasonal internal and external training load that included Hooper Index (HI) scores in elite soccer players during an in-season period. Nineteen elite soccer players were sampled, using global position system to collect total distance, high-speed distance (HSD) and average speed (AvS). It was also collected session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) and HI scores during the daily training sessions throughout the 2015-2016 in-season period. Data were analysed across ten mesocycles (M: 1 to 10) and collected according to the number of days prior to a one-match week. Total daily distance covered was higher at the start (M1 and M3) compared to the final mesocycle (M10) of the season. M1 (5589m) reached a greater distance than M5 (4473m) (ES = 9.33 [12.70, 5.95]) and M10 (4545m) (ES = 9.84 [13.39, 6.29]). M3 (5691m) reached a greater distance than M5 (ES = 9.07 [12.36, 5.78]), M7 (ES = 6.13 [8.48, 3.79]) and M10 (ES = 9.37 [12.76, 5.98]). High-speed running distance was greater in M1 (227m), than M5 (92m) (ES = 27.95 [37.68, 18.22]) and M10 (138m) (ES = 8.46 [11.55, 5.37]). Interestingly, the s-RPE response was higher in M1 (331au) in comparison to the last mesocycle (M10, 239au). HI showed minor variations across mesocycles and in days prior to the match. Every day prior to a match, all internal and external TL variables expressed significant lower values to other days prior to a match (p<0.01). In general, there were no differences between player positions. Conclusions: Our results reveal that despite the existence of some significant differences between mesocycles, there were minor changes across the in-season period for the internal and external TL variables used. Furthermore, it was observed that MD-1 presented a reduction of external TL (regardless of mesocycle) while internal TL variables did not have the same record during in-season match-day-minus. ; : The authors state that there were no salaries' fund from a tobacco company. Also, the authors are not aware of any competing interests. This project was supported by the National Funds through FCT—Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (UID/DTP/04045/2013)—and the European Fund for Regional Development (FEDER) allocated by European Union through the COMPETE 2020 Programme (POCI-01-0145- FEDER-006969)—competitiveness and internationalization (POCI). All funding received for this work from any of the following organizations: National Institutes of Health (NIH); Welcome Trust; Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The era of mobile media has placed communications convergence at a new stage. The importance of studies about mobilecommunications has been growing increasingly over the last years. This growth is connected to the increase in the access tocontents through new devices. The last ten years have seen a process of acceleration in mobile technology innovations. The peakof this new scenario has been the interest of the research community in investigating the relationship between such innovationsand the spread of informative contents. This article analyses those studies that address the relation between mobile devices andcommunication and journalism. The main objective is to clarify the current state of these studies as well as to define theirsignificancewithin the current convergence scenario. In order to reach such objectives, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR)was conducted. The authors analysed 199 research articles published between January 2008 and May 2018 in the databaseWeb of Science. The findings suggest that the United States has the largest number of studies in relation to this topic. We canpinpoint the highest increase in scientific production about journalism and mobile communications in 2013. Besides, it exists adominance of those articles related with actants upon those ones about actors or audiences. ; La era de los medios móviles ha situado la convergencia comunicativa en un nuevo estadio. La movilidad ha abierto un grancampo en la cambiante sociedad red. La producción científica sobre periodismo móvil ha adquirido un mayor protagonismo gra-cias a las mejoras técnicas de los dispositivos y a la democratización en el acceso a los contenidos por parte de los usuarios. Enlos últimos diez años se ha producido una aceleración en las innovaciones tecnológicas que se ha traducido en un mayor interéspor esta área de estudio. En este trabajo se analizan los artículos sobre dispositivos móviles y periodismo a fin de definir el momen-to actual del proceso y situar el papel que ocupan en el escenario convergente. El método ha sido una revisión sistemática de laliteratura científica (SLR) de 199 artículos publicados entre enero del 2008 y mayo del 2018 en la base de datos Web of Science.La validación siguió los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, identificación de la base de datos, motores de búsqueda, y evaluacióny descripción de resultados. Los hallazgos indican que en Estados Unidos se concentra el mayor número de publicaciones rela-cionadas con este tema y que el auge de la producción científica sobre periodismo móvil se da en el año 2013. Se concluye queexiste un predominio de publicaciones relacionadas con los actantes en detrimento de aquellas que versan sobre actores oaudiencias. ; The text is prepared within the framework of the project "News uses and preferences in the new media map in Spain" (Reference: CSO2015-64662-C4-4-R), from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. The project is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF). ; publishedVersion

Die Arbeit versucht hauptsächlich basierend auf Grundlage der (Keramik-) Funde eine chronologische Abfolge der mittelalterlichen Besiedlung des Cottbuser Altstadtviertels im Bereich Spremberger-, Schlosskirch- und Burgstraße zu erstellen. Dabei lässt sich eine Besiedlung dieses Viertels in Stadtrandlage und eine Einbeziehung in die Stadtplanung seit dem ersten Drittel des 13. Jahrhunderts belegen. Aufgrund des Stadtbaues am Beginn des 13. Jahrhunderts kommt, neueren Forschungen zur Landesgeschichte folgend, noch Konrad von Landsberg als Gründungsinitiator der größten Stadt der Niederlausitz in Frage. Die meist ebenerdigen Besiedlungsstrukturen des 13. Jahrhunderts haben sich nur partiell erhalten und lassen daher die Unterscheidung bestimmter Nutzungsareale bzw. Parzelleneinteilungen und Strukturen nur eingeschränkt zu. Erst ab dem 14. Jahrhundert liegen sichere Hinweise auf eine ältere Parzellenstruktur und Nutzung der Areale vor. Es zeichnet sich eine Vorderhausbebauung mit Seitenflügeln ab, von denen nur noch die Kellerbauten zeugen. Im Hofbereich fanden sich Brunnenanlagen zur Wasserversorgung der Grundstücke. Der Entsorgung dienten zahlreiche Latrinenbauten am hinteren Grundstücksrand. Das umfangreiche Fundmaterial aus diesen Befunden gibt einen umfangreichen Einblick in einen spätmittelalterlichen Haushalt am Ende des 15. Jahrhunderts. Die neuzeitlichen Funde und Befunde wurden nicht nur aufgrund der zunehmenden schriftlichen Überlieferung dieses Viertels nur noch punktuell erfasst. Bereits die archäologischen Untersuchungen konzentrierten sich hauptsächlich auf die mittelalterlichen Strukturen. Eine Versteinerung dieses Stadtviertels setzte erst im 16. Jahrhundert ein. Die nicht erfolgte Wiederbebauung nach dem Dreißigjährigen Krieg, die teilweise bis zum Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts anhielt, ermöglichte die gute Erhaltung der älteren mittelalterlichen Baustrukturen im Boden. ; Mainly based on pottery and other finds, this doctoral thesis tries to establish a chronology of the medieval settlement of the Cottbus old town quarter in the area between Spremberger Strasse, Schlosskirchstrasse and Burgstrasse This approach proves a settlement of the quarter at the town periphery and its inclusion into urban planing since the first third of the 13th century. Following recent research in regional history, the city construction at the beginning of the 13th century might indicate to Konrad von Landsberg as a founding initiator of the largest town in Lower Lusatia. The mostly ground level building structures of the 13th century have been preserved only partially. Therefore, a distinction of certain activity zones as well as of plots and structures is possible only to a limited extend. Reliable indications of an older plot structure and the usage of areas do not exist until the 14th century. Buildings are characterized by a front house with side wings of which only the cellars have been preserved. Wells for the water supply of the plots were found in the yard area. Numerous latrine buildings on the rear edge of the plot served for disposal. Of outstanding importance are the findings of the buildings that were destroyed by one or more city fires (probably that of 1478). The extensive archaeological material of these findings provides a comprehensive insight into a late medieval household at the end of the 15th century. Modern finds and findings were recorded only occasionally, not only because of the increasing written tradition. Already the archaeological investigations focused mainly on the medieval structures. Stone buildings did not exist in this area until the 16th century. As the place was not rebuild after the Thirty Years' War, what partially continued until the beginning of the 18th century, the older medieval structures have been well preserved in the soil.

The objective of the present investigation was the analytical description of the eventsbeyond science and technology in Venezuela, taking into account the performance ofthe universities in the same. Support for authors such as Cardozo (1998), Vessuri(1996), and Ruiz (1992-96), Luque (2001), Freites (1996), among others. Scienceand technology (S & T) are translated into a process that is related to the socialnetworks of nations, such as the type of government and levels of socialorganization. Achieve the economic and social development of a country. With thepurpose of analytically exposing the events that determined the process of scienceand technology in Venezuela in the 20th century, it is repeated in the observation ofbibliographical and documentary sources. It is concluded that the process of scienceand technology in Venezuela, until the middle of the 20th century, is characterized bya state of significant dependence on its own scientific activity, due to; There is nosocial demand for science, political and economic instability, lack of values andattitudes conducive to the development of science; In addition, the lack of basicscientific-technological capacity impeded the processes of adaptation to thetechnology acquired. In the same country it faces the characteristics that areimposed to strengthen the institutions (universities, companies, State), in the searchof forms, implement, evaluate and manage the strategies and policies that arepublished on the site. ; La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo la descripción analítica de los acontecimientos más significativos que han determinado el proceso de la ciencia y la tecnología en Venezuela, tomando en cuenta el desempeño de las universidades en el mismo. Sustentado en autores como Cardozo (1998), Vessuri (1996), Ruiz (1992-96), Luque (2001), Freites (1996), entre otros. La ciencia y la tecnología (CyT) constituye un proceso vinculado con las realidades sociales y políticas de las naciones, como el tipo de gobierno y los niveles de organización social, dicho; proceso debe ser apoyado por las universidades, el sector productivo y el Estado para alcanzar el desarrollo económico y social de un país. Con el propósito de exponer analíticamente los acontecimientos que determinaron en el siglo XX el proceso de la ciencia y la tecnología en Venezuela, se recurrió a la observación de fuentes bibliográficas y documentales. Se concluye que el proceso de ciencia y la tecnología en Venezuela, hasta mediados del siglo XX se caracterizó por un estado de dependencia significativo sin actividad científica propia, en razón de ausencia de demanda social por la ciencia, inestabilidad política y económica, falta de valores y actitudes propicias para el desarrollo de la ciencia; adicionalmente la carencia de capacidad científico-tecnológica de base impidió emprender procesos de adaptación a la tecnología adquirida. En suma el país enfrenta fragilidades en esa materia que imponen fortalecer las instituciones (universidades, empresas, Estado), en busca de formular, implementar, evaluar y gestionar estrategias y políticas que atiendan las particularidades regionales y nacionales, para impulsar el progreso del país.

This article is devoted to final period of colonial epoch in British East Africa. Situation in Nyasaland, a part of Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland in 1950s, is at the center of attention. Methodological approaches of this article are principles of new social history. This article is based on the "Nyasaland Times", the main newspaper of this colony, published in Blantyre. This article characterizes daily life of white inhabitants of Nyasaland, their leisure. The author paid attention to lady`s world in Nyasaland, he concludes that this world developed under the influence of British colonial standards. An analysis of economic problems of Nyasaland, its role in economic structure of Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland has an important place in this article. Materials of "Nyasaland Times" show that the top of colony was not agree with the role of agrarian periphery in Federation and tried to find new ways to bring money to regional budget. They tried to use resource potential of territory, to develop local industry. The article proves that white inhabitants wanted to unite for the struggle against political activity of African Congress of Nyasaland. They connected this fact with activity of Soviet Union and its allies in Africa in 1950s. The top of white inhabitants also proved that exit of Europeans from Africa led to many social and economic troubles for black population of continent. The author proves that this newspaper is an important historical source on the history of colonial society in Nyasaland. ; Статья посвящена заключительному этапу истории британского колониализма в Восточной Африке. В центре внимания – ситуация в Ньясаленде, который в 1950-е гг. являлся частью Федерации Родезии и Ньясаленда. В основе методологических установок автора данной статьи лежат подходы, характерные для «новой социальной истории». Статья базируется на материалах крупнейшей газеты колонии «Ньясаленд Таймс», издававшейся в Блантайре. Охарактеризованы повседневная жизнь белых поселенцев в Ньясаленде, их досуг. Уделено внимание миру леди, показано, что он развивался под влиянием стандартов, существовавших в Британской империи. Особое место занимает анализ экономических проблем Ньясаленда, охарактеризовано его место в экономической структуре Федерации Родезии и Ньясаленда. Материалы «Ньясаленд Таймс» позволяют сделать вывод о том, что верхушка белых поселенцев была недовольна ролью Ньясаленда в Федерации как аграрно-сырьевого придатка и активно искала новые источники пополнения бюджета. Предпринимались попытки использования ресурсного потенциала территории, развития ее промышленности для пополнения местного бюджета. В статье доказано, что белые поселенцы Ньясаленда пытались сплотиться в условиях активизации деятельности Африканского конгресса Ньясаленда в 1950-е гг. Они связывали это явление с усилением внимания к Африке со стороны Советского Союза и его партнеров по социалистическому блоку. При этом верхушка белых поселенцев уже в 1950-е гг. указывала на то, что уход европейцев из Африки вызовет обострение социально-экономических проблем, с которыми будет крайне трудно справиться черному большинству. На основе проведенного исследования сделан вывод о том, что «Ньясаленд Таймс» является важным источником по истории колониального общества Ньясаленда.

The Active Ageing Index (AAI) can be applied across countries to compare active aging outcomes, evaluate the current situation regarding ageing, and identify the most desired directions for policy action. While the AAI-EU is addressed on a national level, it can also be used for assessing active ageing policies on the municipal level, which is the case in this study. The aim of this article was to assess active ageing amongst older people in western parts of Finland by adapting the methodology used for the AAI-EU. We used GERDA data (n=5,011) collected from people aged 66, 71, 76, 81 and 86 for our descriptive analyses. The results showed that the municipalities differed in their active ageing outcomes, and that men and Swedish speakers generally scored higher on the index, which is something that warrants further investigation. Based on the results, we argue that AAI could potentially be used as a tool to monitor various dimensions of active ageing on a regional level and that gender and ethno-linguistic characteristics should be a central concern for a discussion on ageing in our study region. ; Aktiivisen ikääntymisen indeksiä (AAI) voidaan soveltaa kaikissa maissa aktiivisen ikääntymisen tulosten vertailemiseksi, ikääntymisen nykytilan arvioimiseksi sekä politiikkatoimien tavoitteiden tunnistamiseksi. Vaikka AAI-EU on suunnattu kansalliselle tasolle, sitä voidaan käyttää myös aktiivisen ikääntymisen politiikan tarkasteluun kuntatasolla, kuten tässä tutkimuksessa. Tämän artikkelin tarkoituksena oli arvioida aktiivista ikääntymistä Länsi-Suomessa AAI-EU:n avulla. Kuvailevassa analyysissä käytimme 66-, 71-, 76-, 81- ja 86-vuotiailta kerättyä GERDA-aineistoa (n = 5011). Tutkimuksemme osoitti, että aktiivisen ikääntymisen tulokset eroavat kuntatasolla ja että miehet ja ruotsinkieliset sijoittuivat indeksissä yleisesti korkeammalle, mikä kaipaa lisätutkimusta. Tulosten perusteella voidaan todeta, että AAI on soveltuva työkalu aktiivisen ikääntymisen seurannassa alueellisella tasolla ja että sukupuolen sekä kieliryhmien ominaispiirteet tulisi huomioida ikäntymistä koskevassa keskustelussa tutkimusalueellamme. ; Ett index för det aktiva åldrandet (AAI) används för att jämföra hur olika länder hanterar en åldrande befolkning och lyfter fram var behoven för olika policyinsatser är som störst. Emedan AAI-EU används för att jämföra situationen i europeiska länder, så kan indexet även användas för att jämföra kommuner, vilket är något som vi gjorde i den här studien. Syftet med studien var således att undersöka det aktiva åldrandet bland äldre i västra Finland genom att använda metodologin som använts för AAI-EU. Vi använde GERDA-data (n=5011) insamlat bland 66-, 71-, 76-, 81-, och 86-åringar för våra deskriptiva analyser. Resultaten visade att det fanns skillnader i det aktiva åldrandet mellan kommunerna. Resultaten visade även att fanns skillnader mellan svensk- och finskspråkiga så att svenskspråkiga placerade sig högre på indexet. Baserat på resultaten från studien så konkluderar vi att ett regionalt AAI kunde användas för att följa upp det aktiva åldrandet på kommunnivå och att skillnader mellan män och kvinnor samt skillnader mellan etnolingvistiska grupper borde lyftas fram i diskussioner om det aktiva åldrandet i vår region.

Recent years have seen a gradual shift in focus of international policies from a national and regional perspective to that of cities, a shift which is closely related to the rapid urbanization of developing countries. As revealed in the 2011 Revision of the World Urbanization Prospects published by the United Nations, 51% of the global population (approximately 3.6 billion people) lives in cities. The report predicts that by 2050, the world's urban population will increase by 2.3 billion, making up 68% of the population. The growth of urbanization in the next few decades is expected to primarily come from developing countries, one third of which will be in China and India. With rapid urbanization and the ongoing growth of mega cities, cities must become increasingly resilient and intelligent to cope with numerous challenges and crises like droughts and floods arising from extreme climate, destruction brought by severe natural disasters, and aggregated social contradictions resulting from economic crises. All cities face the urban development dynamics and uncertainties arising from these problems. Under such circumstances, cities are considered the critical path from crisis to prosperity, so scholars and organizations have proposed the construction of "resilient cities." On the one hand, this theory emphasizes cities' defenses and buffering capacity against disasters, crises and uncertainties, as well as recovery after destruction; on the other hand, it highlights the learning capacity of urban systems, identification of opportunities amid challenges, and maintenance of development vitality. Some scholars even believe that urban resilience is a powerful supplement to sustainable development. Hence, resilience assessment has become the latest and most important perspective for evaluating the development and crisis defense capacity of cities. Rather than a general abstract concept, urban resilience is a comprehensive measurement of a city's level of development. The dynamic development of problems is reflected through quantitative indicators and appraisal systems not only from the perspective of academic research, but also governmental policy, so as to scientifically guide development, and measure and compare cities' development levels. Although international scholars have proposed quantitative methods for urban resilience assessment, they are however insufficiently systematic and regionally adaptive for China's current urban development needs. On the basis of comparative study on European and North American resilient city theories, therefore, this paper puts forwards a theoretical framework for resilient city systems consistent with China's national conditions in light of economic development pressure, natural resource depletion, pollution, and other salient development crises in China. The key factors influencing urban resilience are taken into full consideration; expert appraisal is conducted based on the Delphi Method and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to design an extensible and updatable resilient city evaluation system which is sufficiently systematic, geographically adaptable, and sustainable for China's current urban development needs. Finally, Changsha is taken as the main case for empirical study on comprehensive evaluation of similar cities in Central China to improve the indicator system.

Introduction. Following the signing of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, Ukraine faces the problem in trade with the EU, as it was expected that the mainobstacle would be non-tariff restrictions. The lifting of tariff barriers for domestic producers should help to increase exports to EU countries, but unfortunately for most manufacturers in almost all fields of activity this proved to be an unachievable goal, as the Ukrainian producer immediately faced the problem of non-conformity of the goods with various diversified technical regulations in the EU. Thus, the purpose of the work was to study the importance of maintaining the competitiveness of domestic producers in international markets, namely the interaction of public administration and market self-regulation at national, regional and sectoral levels. As the Agreement on Conformity Assessment and Adoption of Standards is important for Ukrainian manufacturers, new Laws of Ukraine «On Standardization»,«On Metrology and Metrological Activity» and «On Technical Regulations and Conformity Assessment» were adopted. Development Strategy system of technical regulation was approved for the purpose of their implementation, and more than 80 regulatory acts have been developed and adopted.The purpose of the article is to look for mechanisms of public administration to implement the standards of the European Union, as well as to harmonize and adapt Ukrainian legislation to EU quality policy.Methods of research. Using theoretical and methodological provisions, priority directions of implementation and harmonization of European standards for Ukraine are considered: standardization and certification of products, as well as directions of development of the mechanism of state regulation of activation of the import potential of domestic enterprises. In addition, the HACCP Food Standards Systems were considered. The following standards are currently recognized: BRC Technical Standard, Dutch HACCP Standard, International Standard for Auditing Food Suppliers, International Food Standard (IFS), SQF 2000 Standard for Food Safety and Quality.Results. It can be argued that standards to which some Ukrainian exporters are currently not adapted are becoming a major obstacle to trade liberalization with the EU. And despite the fact that the Laws of Ukraine «On Standardization», «On Metrology and Metrological Activity» and «On Technical Regulations and Conformity Assessment», important for Ukrainian manufacturers, were adopted. The Strategy of development of the technical regulation system was approved for the purpose of the laws implementation together with other developed 80 regulatory acts. The issue of further harmonization is extremely important and urgent as it will allow domestic producers to sell their products covered by the Agreement on the EU market without additional conformity assessment procedures.Discussion. Further studies should address the development of public administration mechanisms and the problems of implementing European standards in the Ukrainian economy, and ensure the development of a significant number of Ukrainian economic sectors. And, most importantly, the effective development of the social infrastructure of the village should be ensured and the foundation for the proper economic level of its inhabitants should be created.

У статті досліджено основні характеристики мезорівня міжнародних інтеграційних об`єднань, що є мережевими структурами внутрішньогалузевого й міжгалузевого співробітництва у вигляді транскордонних кластерних систем, які об'єднують макро- і мікрорівень інтеграцій національних економік. Виявлено можливості синтезу теорії міжнародної економічної інтеграції і кластерної концепції в умовах віртуалізації економічного простору. Обґрунтовано, що кластерний підхід є найбільш ефективним механізмом розвитку транскордонних економічних взаємодій і, зрештою, є мезорівнем конкурентоспроможних міжнародних інтеграційних систем і необхідною умовою якісного росту євроінтеграції України. Досліджено сутність і внутрішні взаємозв'язки транскордонного мережевого кластера як чинника зростання конкуренто-спроможності єврорегіону в умовах посилення інтеграційних процесів і необхідності підвищення ролі економіки периферійних регіонів у рамках транскордонного співробітництва. У контексті регіональної політики Євросоюзу визначено стратегічні пріоритети просторового розвитку єврорегіонів на підставі самоорганізації «гібридних» інститутів мережевої квазіінтеграції, розглянуто їх роль у підвищенні конкурентоспроможності єврорегіонів у світлі перспектив вступу України до ЄС. ; The article examines the main features inherent to meso-level of international integration formations representing network structures in intra-branch and inter-branch cooperation in the form of cross-border cluster systems encompassing macro-level and micro-level of integration of national economies. Possibilities of theory synthesis of international economic integration and cluster concept in economic area virtualization environment are revealed. Cluster approach is proved to be the most efficient mechanism to develop cross-border economic relations and represents, finally, a meso-level of competitive international integration systems and mandatory condition of quality advance for Ukrainian European integration. The essence and inner interrelations of cross-border network cluster are investigated as the growth factor of the European region competitiveness under the conditions of intensifying the integration processes and the necessity of enhancement of the role of periphery regions' economy in the framework of cross-border cooperation. Within the context of European Union regional politics the strategic priorities of the spatial development of the European regions are stated on the basis of self-organization of "hybrid" network quasi integration institutions. Their role in the competitive recovery of the European regions in the light of Ukrainian perspectives of joining European Union is investigated. ; В статье исследованы основные характеристики мезоуровня международных интеграционных объединений, представляющего собой сетевые структуры внутриотраслевого и межотраслевого сотрудничества в виде трансграничных кластерных систем, объединяющих макро- и микроуровень интеграции национальных экономик. Выявлены возможности синтеза теории международной экономической интеграции и кластерной концепции в условиях виртуализации экономического пространства. Обосновано, что кластерный подход является наиболее эффективным механизмом развития трансграничных экономических взаимодействий и, в конечном итоге, представляет собой мезоуровень конкурентоспособных международных интеграционных систем и необходимое условие качественного роста евроинтеграции Украины. Исследованы сущность и внутренние взаимосвязи трансграничного сетевого кластера как фактора роста конкурентоспособности еврорегиона в условиях усиления интеграционных процессов и необходимости повышения роли экономики периферийных регионов в рамках трансграничного сотрудничества. В контексте региональной политики Евросоюза определены стратегические приоритеты пространственного развития еврорегионов на основе самоорганизации «гибридных» институтов сетевой квазиинтеграции, рассмотрена их роль в повышении конкурентоспособности еврорегионов в свете перспектив вступления Украины в ЕС.

Combatting eutrophication is currently a major challenge for policy makers in the Baltic Sea region, and it is likely to remain so in the decades to come. Although total nutrient loads to the Baltic Sea have recently declined, the gap between current loadings and those required to ensure the desired status is still substantial (Reusch et al. 2018). This Special Issue is dedicated to research that helps inform how the eutrophication challenge might best be addressed by improving our understanding of technological constraints, societal drivers of change, land uses, environmental policies, and innovative governance with stakeholder involvement. These issues are important for the current generation and those to come and are issues we must address in order to succeed in reducing nutrient loads to the desired levels to gradually achieve the desired good environmental status of the Baltic Sea. Currently, we witness a new era of water policies across the entire Baltic Sea region. Our changing climate is impacting on precipitation and runoff, and is also the reason why new EU climate policies seek to tie carbon sinks more visibly to carbon sources. Both these aspects have repercussions for water policies. Thus, solving eutrophication challenges requires sharpening of existing policies and instruments, as well as creating new insights and governance approaches with broad stakeholder involvement in a changing environment. In order to design coherent water and climate policies, and target and implement those policies more efficiently, policy makers need to combine new insights regarding the inhabitants in the region, the catchments, and the Baltic Sea itself. Such insights can be expected from soil scientists, agronomists, hydrogeologists, marine ecologists, economists, and social and policy scientists. What is needed is on the one hand effectively targeted governance at appropriate spatial and temporal scales, adapted to differing interests and motivations of citizens living around the Baltic Sea, and on the other hand fine tuning and co-designing of policies at local, national, Baltic Sea regional and EU level. This Special Issue brings together recent research from four BONUS-funded projects—BONUS BALTICAPP, BONUS GO4BALTIC, BONUS MIRACLE and BONUS SOILS2SEA—that comprised part of the 'Viable Ecosystem' and 'Sustainable Ecosystem Services' BONUS research programmes. The projects addressed these common concerns through somewhat different, but inter-related, themes. Key messages emphasized and discussed in the research papers of this Special Issue are summarized under four interlinked themes: Scenarios for the future, Policies and ecosystem services in water governance, Novel approaches for managing nutrients, and Advanced modelling from field level to the entire Baltic Sea region. ; Funding agencies: BONUS (Art 185) - EUEuropean Union (EU); BONUS (Art 185) - Denmark (Innovation Fund Denmark); BONUS (Art 185) - Estonia (Estonian Research Council ETAG); BONUS (Art 185) - Germany (Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH); BONUS (Art 185) - Latvia (Latvian Ministry

The article presents the study results of the world trade stagnation issues associated with the WTO systemic crisis. The aim of the article is to summarize the main reasons for the world trade system disintegration and to identify feasible directions for the world economic order transformation. The G20 trade-restricting measures were analyzed based on the statistical databases of the WTO and the non-governmental organization Global Trade Alert (GTA). The views of leading domestic and foreign experts on the consequences of liberalization of the world trade in goods and services were summarized. The author systematized the reasons for the world trade system disintegration, including: the US anti-globalization policy aimed at containing the PRC; counteracting unipolar globalization by the Southeast Asian nations; developed countries' rejecting the growing participation of developing countries in redistributing global resources; inefficiency of international organizations in solving problems of global imbalances, inequality and instability of the global financial system. Structuring disintegration processes revealed its main trends: protectionism, regionalism, trans-regionalism. There were shown mechanisms to keep the US in the European Union due to companies providing professional services to European business. The author evaluated Russia and China's competitive advantages in the production chains of the new technological structure. The areas of cooperation between Russia and the BRICS countries for realizing export potential in agriculture, aviation and nuclear industries were determined. The prospects for trade and economic relations in Eurasia are discussed in terms of changing the economic paradigm and shifting the regulation of the global economy problems to the regional level. ; В статье изложены результаты исследования проблем стагнации мировой торговли, связанные с системным кризисом ВТО. Цель статьи — обобщить основные причины дезинтеграции мировой торговой системы и определить возможные направления трансформации мирового экономического порядка. На основе статистических баз данных ВТО и неправительственной организации Global Trade Alert проанализированы меры Группы 20 по ограничению торговли. Обобщены взгляды ведущих отечественных и зарубежных специалистов на последствия либерализации международной торговли товарами и услугами. Систематизированы причины дезинтеграции мировой торговой системы, включающие антиглобалистскую политику США, направленную на сдерживание КНР, противодействие однополярной глобализации со стороны стран Юго-Восточной Азии, неприятие развитыми странами возрастающего участия развивающихся стран в перераспределении глобальных ресурсов, неэффективность международных организаций в разрешении проблем мировых дисбалансов, неравенства и неустойчивости мировой финансовой системы. Структуризация процессов дезинтеграции позволила выделить ее основные тенденции: протекционизм, регионализм, трансрегионализм. Показаны механизмы сохранения США своего присутствия в Европейском союзе через компании, оказывающие профессиональные услуги европейскому бизнесу. Дана оценка конкурентных преимуществ России и КНР в производственных цепочках нового технологического уклада. Определены направления сотрудничества России со странами группы БРИКС для реализации экспортного потенциала в сельском хозяйстве, авиационной и атомной промышленности. Обсуждаются перспективы развития торгово-экономических отношений в Евразии в контексте смены экономической парадигмы и смещения регулирования проблем, возникающих в мировой экономике, на региональный уровень.

This research aims to: (1) determine the recruitment management of human resources in the PPLOP of Para-athletics in Central Java, (2) identify the facilities and infrastructures management in PPLOP of Para-athletics in Central Java, (3) find out the financial management of PPLOP of Para-athletics in Central Java, and (4) figure out the training management of PPLOP of Para-athletics in Central Java.This research was conducted at the Student Sport Education and Training Center (PPLOP) of Para-athletics in Central Java. This research applies qualitative descriptive method. The unit of analysis is the Student Sport Education and Training Center (BPPLOP). The data retrieval techniques include documentary study, in-depth interview, and observation. The data sources in this research are the administrators, trainers, and athletes of PPLOP of Para-athletics in Central Java.The results of the study show that: the implementation of the Student Sports Education and Training Center (PPLOP) of Para-athletics in Central Java is good. In PPLOP, disabled athletes already have a good organizational working structure. However, in terms of the implementation of the recruitment of athletes, the PPLOP of Para-athletics in Central Java is still lacking so that it needs a lot of evaluation and improvement. This can be seen from the small number of participants registering in this year; 6 people registered and 4 people attended the selection process and none met the expected criteria. This is due to the lack of socialization from the PPLOP manager, in this case the Dinas Pemuda Olahraga dan Pariwisata Jawa Tengah (Central Java Youth Sports and Tourism Service) to schools in the Central Java Regency/City, and the distant location of the regency/city, causing prospective participants to face difficulties in registering or obtaining appropriate information. Furthermore, children with special needs or disabilities are minority students.The facilities and infrastructure required for the event are considered adequate, fulfilling the needs of student athletes. This is due to the good planning process from the parties related to the procurement of facilities and infrastructures. However, some of the essentials are fail to be fullfiled by the organizer because the procurement of facilities and infrastructures is adjusted to the budget limit of the BPPLOP sourced from the Central Java Province APBD (Regional Government Expenditure).The implementation of financial management has run well. The good management in fulfilling the implementation of BPPLOP of Para-athletics in Central Java has proven this. Fund and financial reporting are provided by looking at the current needs. Even though some shortcomings in needs are obvious, the organizer can manage them.The implementation of the training in PPLOP of para-athletics in Central Java has run as expected. Exercise planning in the training programs has been made and coordinated well, with the collaboration between organizer and trainers in accordance with the needs of athletes.